Cet article souhaite contribuer au débat général sur les politiques de logement populaire dans les villes du Sud en développant le cas de l'agglomération du Grand Khartoum. Il revient sur les trois décennies au pouvoir d'Omar al-Bashir (de 1989 à 2019) qui correspondent à un mouvement en matière de politique de logement des classes populaires et s'articulent à une autre échelle avec des choix plus larges du régime. Basé sur un travail de terrain de longue durée, cet article aborde la manière dont s'articule, dans le temps et dans l'espace, les programmes d'éradication de l'habitat informel, d'allocation de parcelles et de logement populaire. En écho, il interroge la violence d'un régime dans la ville et la difficile formulation d'une résistance des périphéries.
The question of farmers and agriculture in African cities has already been largely studied. If the situation of agriculture in Khartoum presents similarities with other African cities, there are nevertheless interesting differences, one of which being the modes of starting and growing of these activities. By placing Khartoum's case in a global context, this research presents the interest of an original African agglomeration, because located at the meeting point between north Africa and sub-Saharan Africa. This work takes into account a large panel of agricultural activities, in order to highlight the diversity of urban agriculture in Khartoum and to lead a comparative analysis. The spatial frame of this work is the entire territory of the Sudanese capital, in order to question the viability of an agricultural use of space, in the globality of the urban territory. This work will clarify the ambiguous relationship between the city and its farmers, in order to raise the question of the sustainability of agricultural activities in an urban area. The work will highlight the constraints on urban farming and describe the elements allowing the sustainability of these activities and their displacements following each extension of the city. If the future of urban agriculture depends mainly on governmental politics, it is also strongly related to the socio-economic integration of farmers. Finally, this study will consider the ambivalence of the relationship between the city and its farmers, which is exacerbated by the spatial and demographical growing of Greater Khartoum and by the Sudanese political and economical changes. This will lead to a debate upon the City itself and a broader approach of urban politics, land tenure pattern, along with insertion and adaptation modes of migrants. ; La question des activités agricoles et des agriculteurs dans les villes africaines a largement été étudiée et débattue. Dans la perspective de replacer le cas de Khartoum dans un contexte plus large, cette recherche offre la possibilité ...
The question of farmers and agriculture in African cities has already been largely studied. If the situation of agriculture in Khartoum presents similarities with other African cities, there are nevertheless interesting differences, one of which being the modes of starting and growing of these activities. By placing Khartoum's case in a global context, this research presents the interest of an original African agglomeration, because located at the meeting point between north Africa and sub-Saharan Africa. This work takes into account a large panel of agricultural activities, in order to highlight the diversity of urban agriculture in Khartoum and to lead a comparative analysis. The spatial frame of this work is the entire territory of the Sudanese capital, in order to question the viability of an agricultural use of space, in the globality of the urban territory. This work will clarify the ambiguous relationship between the city and its farmers, in order to raise the question of the sustainability of agricultural activities in an urban area. The work will highlight the constraints on urban farming and describe the elements allowing the sustainability of these activities and their displacements following each extension of the city. If the future of urban agriculture depends mainly on governmental politics, it is also strongly related to the socio-economic integration of farmers. Finally, this study will consider the ambivalence of the relationship between the city and its farmers, which is exacerbated by the spatial and demographical growing of Greater Khartoum and by the Sudanese political and economical changes. This will lead to a debate upon the City itself and a broader approach of urban politics, land tenure pattern, along with insertion and adaptation modes of migrants. ; La question des activités agricoles et des agriculteurs dans les villes africaines a largement été étudiée et débattue. Dans la perspective de replacer le cas de Khartoum dans un contexte plus large, cette recherche offre la possibilité ...
The question of farmers and agriculture in African cities has already been largely studied. If the situation of agriculture in Khartoum presents similarities with other African cities, there are nevertheless interesting differences, one of which being the modes of starting and growing of these activities. By placing Khartoum's case in a global context, this research presents the interest of an original African agglomeration, because located at the meeting point between north Africa and sub-Saharan Africa. This work takes into account a large panel of agricultural activities, in order to highlight the diversity of urban agriculture in Khartoum and to lead a comparative analysis. The spatial frame of this work is the entire territory of the Sudanese capital, in order to question the viability of an agricultural use of space, in the globality of the urban territory. This work will clarify the ambiguous relationship between the city and its farmers, in order to raise the question of the sustainability of agricultural activities in an urban area. The work will highlight the constraints on urban farming and describe the elements allowing the sustainability of these activities and their displacements following each extension of the city. If the future of urban agriculture depends mainly on governmental politics, it is also strongly related to the socio-economic integration of farmers. Finally, this study will consider the ambivalence of the relationship between the city and its farmers, which is exacerbated by the spatial and demographical growing of Greater Khartoum and by the Sudanese political and economical changes. This will lead to a debate upon the City itself and a broader approach of urban politics, land tenure pattern, along with insertion and adaptation modes of migrants. ; La question des activités agricoles et des agriculteurs dans les villes africaines a largement été étudiée et débattue. Dans la perspective de replacer le cas de Khartoum dans un contexte plus large, cette recherche offre la possibilité et l'intérêt d'étudier une agglomération africaine originale car située à la charnière de l'Afrique du Nord et de l'Afrique noire. Cette étude souhaite prendre en compte plusieurs activités agricoles du Grand Khartoum de manière à mettre en évidence la diversité de situations qui relève de l'agriculture urbaine et d'autoriser ainsi des analyses comparées. Le cadre spatial de ce travail est l'ensemble de la capitale soudanaise afin d'avoir un questionnement autour de la viabilité d'une utilisation agricole de l'espace et cela, dans la globalité de l'emprise territoriale de la ville. Je souhaite étudier et comprendre la nature ambiguë des rapports qu'entretiennent réciproquement la ville et ses agriculteurs dans le but d'appréhender les questions de pérennité des activités agricoles en milieu urbain. Le travail mené pour présenter l'agriculture urbaine du Grand Khartoum permettra d'exposer un certain nombre d'éléments qui conditionnent la pérennité de ces différentes activités et leur déplacement au gré des extensions et requalification de l'espace. Si l'avenir de l'agriculture urbaine dépend, dans une large part, de la politique des pouvoirs publics, il est également lié à l'intégration socio-économique en ville des agriculteurs. Enfin, le fait qu'actuellement l'ambivalence des rapports ville/agriculteurs soit exacerbée par la poursuite de la croissance spatiale et démographique du Grand Khartoum et par les changements du contexte politico-économique soudanais, nous donnera la possibilité d'ouvrir le débat sur la ville elle même. C'est en ce sens, une entrée pour une approche plus générale des politiques urbaines, de la maîtrise foncière et des modes d'insertion et d'adaptation des migrants.
Alice Franck - Market gardeners in Khartoum : Between integration and marginalization. The study of Khartoum's market gardeners sheds new light on the thinking about the integrating capacity of urban agriculture. The uncontrolled urbanization now at work in the Sudanese capital, causing unprecedented competition for property, points to the limits on the potential integration of farm-workers in the downtown. The fact that this activity is strictly commercial and exercised by a mainly migrant population makes the analysis that much more interesting.
International audience ; This paper deals with the spread of prestige urban projects in Nouakchott and Khartoum, the capitals of Mauritania and Sudan respectively. We hypothesis that for these cities, located on the margins of the Arab world, prestige projects inspired by the Gulf model epitomize a new way of development based on hypermodernity. They epitomize economic development, success and opulence thanks to oil exploitation. Undergoing discovery and exploitation of oil resources makes the Mauritanian and Sudanese governments hope to follow the same path. Moreover, the towers of Dubai represent a specific cultural model for two states where affiliation to the Arab world is a contested political issue. The comparative approach brings out the importance of foreign investments in these urban transformations, characterized by privatization processes and real estate speculation. The emerging urban model is in strong contrast to the citizens' expectations and national political unrest.
International audience ; This paper deals with the spread of prestige urban projects in Nouakchott and Khartoum, the capitals of Mauritania and Sudan respectively. We hypothesis that for these cities, located on the margins of the Arab world, prestige projects inspired by the Gulf model epitomize a new way of development based on hypermodernity. They epitomize economic development, success and opulence thanks to oil exploitation. Undergoing discovery and exploitation of oil resources makes the Mauritanian and Sudanese governments hope to follow the same path. Moreover, the towers of Dubai represent a specific cultural model for two states where affiliation to the Arab world is a contested political issue. The comparative approach brings out the importance of foreign investments in these urban transformations, characterized by privatization processes and real estate speculation. The emerging urban model is in strong contrast to the citizens' expectations and national political unrest.
International audience ; This paper deals with the spread of prestige urban projects in Nouakchott and Khartoum, the capitals of Mauritania and Sudan respectively. We hypothesis that for these cities, located on the margins of the Arab world, prestige projects inspired by the Gulf model epitomize a new way of development based on hypermodernity. They epitomize economic development, success and opulence thanks to oil exploitation. Undergoing discovery and exploitation of oil resources makes the Mauritanian and Sudanese governments hope to follow the same path. Moreover, the towers of Dubai represent a specific cultural model for two states where affiliation to the Arab world is a contested political issue. The comparative approach brings out the importance of foreign investments in these urban transformations, characterized by privatization processes and real estate speculation. The emerging urban model is in strong contrast to the citizens' expectations and national political unrest.
International audience ; This paper deals with the spread of prestige urban projects in Nouakchott and Khartoum, the capitals of Mauritania and Sudan respectively. We hypothesis that for these cities, located on the margins of the Arab world, prestige projects inspired by the Gulf model epitomize a new way of development based on hypermodernity. They epitomize economic development, success and opulence thanks to oil exploitation. Undergoing discovery and exploitation of oil resources makes the Mauritanian and Sudanese governments hope to follow the same path. Moreover, the towers of Dubai represent a specific cultural model for two states where affiliation to the Arab world is a contested political issue. The comparative approach brings out the importance of foreign investments in these urban transformations, characterized by privatization processes and real estate speculation. The emerging urban model is in strong contrast to the citizens' expectations and national political unrest.
International audience ; This paper deals with the spread of prestige urban projects in Nouakchott and Khartoum, the capitals of Mauritania and Sudan respectively. We hypothesis that for these cities, located on the margins of the Arab world, prestige projects inspired by the Gulf model epitomize a new way of development based on hypermodernity. They epitomize economic development, success and opulence thanks to oil exploitation. Undergoing discovery and exploitation of oil resources makes the Mauritanian and Sudanese governments hope to follow the same path. Moreover, the towers of Dubai represent a specific cultural model for two states where affiliation to the Arab world is a contested political issue. The comparative approach brings out the importance of foreign investments in these urban transformations, characterized by privatization processes and real estate speculation. The emerging urban model is in strong contrast to the citizens' expectations and national political unrest.
