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For this examination, graffiti and neo-graffiti have been compared to public art in order to reveal the ideological constructions of urban public spaces. How does graffiti interact with the construction of urban public spaces? How is graffiti similar to and different from public art? Which of these art forms better represents the public and city living? By comparing public art to (neo)graffiti in Toronto, Ontario and Los Angeles, California, the gendered, racialized, and class-based exclusions present in R. Florida's (2002) creative cities framework as theorized by authors such as N. Smith (1996), Sharon Zukin (1996), and G. Standing (2011) can be revealed. Urban public spaces are carefully shaped by those in control, the government and corporations, with the intention of creating spaces and citizens within those spaces that can be a functioning part of their neoliberal capitalist system. Graffiti and neo-graffiti act as a visual interruption to this system, which in turn can be thought of as physically represented by public art. In this way (neo)graffiti is created by a minority of citizens with the hopes of reclaiming their right to exist in urban public spaces despite layers of ideological exclusions.For this examination, graffiti and neo-graffiti have been compared to public art in order to reveal the ideological constructions of urban public spaces. How does graffiti interact with the construction of urban public spaces? How is graffiti similar to and different from public art? Which of these art forms better represents the public and city living? By comparing public art (neo)graffiti in Toronto, Ontario and Los Angeles California, the racialized and class-based exclusions present in R. Florida's (2002) creative cities framework theorized by authors such as N. Smith (1996), Sharon Zukin (1996), and G. Standing (2011) can be revealed. Urban public spaces are carefully shaped by those in control (the government and corporations) with the intention of creating spaces and citizens within those spaces that can be a functioning part of their system. Graffiti and neo-graffiti act as a visual interruption to this system as represented by public art. In this way (neo)graffiti is created by a minority of citizens with the hopes of reclaiming their right to exist in urban public spaces despite the layers of exclusions.

IntroductionThere is increasing demand for so-called big data for a range of uses. One of the challenges is the method by which these data are obtained, the identiers used for record linking, how they are linked, and the secure manner by which researchers may use these data ethically.
Objectives and ApproachThe Utah Population Database (UPDB) has a long history of linking records derived from genealogies, death/birth certificates, medical diagnoses, and census records. This infrastructure offers a unique resource for genetic, public health, geographic and demographic investigations. The UPDB now holds information on 11 million individuals linked into multigenerational pedigrees. New data opportunities have arisen that provide value added to UPDB but that raise important infrastructure and privacy issues. This presentation will provide details and strategies for dealing with new challenges of adding new and complex sources of data.
ResultsThe record linking and data security measures developed for the construction of the UPDB, we suggest, is a model for other states and provinces. The ability for UPDB to obtain, store, link and dispense a diverse set of data at the individual and genealogical level for the research community for over forty years suggests that it has elements that are potentially replicable for other locations. The development of a unique and independent regulatory body, the Resource for Genetic and Epidemiologic Research (RGE), which oversees access to UPDB data, speaks to this as a model for protecting the confidentiality of the data while enhancing secure to researchers. We show the technical, statistical, legal and regulatory methods that have provided data for nearly 300 distinct health-related studies.
Conclusion/ImplicationsThis study demonstrates how the careful and consistent application of secure data management and regulatory oversight allows for the development of the UPDB and its ability to link diverse data sources for the research community. The legal and administrative strategies used serve as a model for other states and provinces.

IntroductionThe availability of historic, individual-level census records in the United States has grown in recent years. With access to identifiers, it is possible to link these records to existing databases. The performance of and strategy for these linking efforts is not well characterized.
Objectives and ApproachThe Utah Population Database (UPDB), launched in 1975, is a population registry comprising comprehensive data from genealogies, medical/vital records, and numerous administrative and demographic records spanning the past two centuries. UPDB initially did not hold individual-level US Census records until now. UPDB has massive volumes of identifiers that we have cleaned and it therefore represents a "gold standard" representation of Utah's population. The objective here is to describe the methods used and the record linking performance applied to census records that we have linked to the UPDB for persons appearing in the 1880, 1900, 1910, 1920, 1930 and 1940 censuses.
ResultsWe collaborated with FamilyTree, Ancestry, and IPUMS (University of Minnesota) for keying and preparing data from the 1880-1940 censuses. We then linked these records to the UPDB using probabilistic record linking methods and manual review. Linking rates by census year varied by the quality of records and electronic data capture and by specific Census fields for a given census. Data quality was somewhat lower for the 1910 and 1940 censuses and hence they had lower linking rates (66.9% and 70.4, respectively). Household heads enjoyed higher linking rates (72% was the lowest, in 1940). We used household heads to help guide links to offspring and spouses whose linking rates exceeded 75% in general. Non-family members and single men linked at much lower rates (<50%).
Conclusion/ImplicationsThis study found that linking census records to an existing population registry is feasible and with relative success. Using household/genealogy structure of the census is useful when linking to the genealogies in the UPDB. These links allow studies of effects of early life conditions on later life outcomes.

IntroductionHispanic naming conventions frequently follow historical traditions. A person's name consists of a given name or names followed by the father's first surname and the mother's first surname or reversed if the parents wish. The challenge occurs in keying and linking these non-standard names resulting in a potential linking bias.
Objectives and ApproachHistorically the Utah Population Database (UPDB) has combined multiple surnames into a single surname to standardize names such as VAN WINKLE, however this resulted in Hispanic surnames combined into nonsensical names, for example 'MARTINEZCRUZ' that were difficult to match to surnames stored in separate fields in assorted combinations. The objective of this study was to see if name specific frequencies and name arrays created with the second and third given name, maiden name and surname allowed for ultimate flexibility in matching to records which did not adhere to any standardized keying convention and resulted in better linking results.
ResultsA "Gold Standard" set of Hispanic individuals with multiple record sources in UPDB and the presence of two names in the surname field were evaluated. Two Linking approaches, one using the UPDB standard methodology and the other using name arrays were compared. Both methodologies resulted in high linking rates into complete or partial sets of records per individual. Overall, the array methodology linked more records into complete sets than the standard (94.7% cf. 82.6%). Using arrays, males linked at a higher rate than females and persons from Spanish speaking countries linked at the highest rate compared with USA born or other countries. However, there was an increase in incorrect links using arrays. Name frequency distributions specific to Hispanics also proved important.
Conclusion/ImplicationsThis study found weights based on frequencies specific to the population being linked is critical to complete linking. Using name arrays for Hispanics was most effective in males with indicators of strong ethnic ties. However, the cost of using arrays was an increase in incorrect links and further refinement is needed.

Background: Genes associated with hereditary breast and ovarian cancer (HBOC) and colorectal cancer (CRC) predisposition have been shown to play a role in pancreatic cancer susceptibility. Growing evidence suggests that pancreatic cancer may be useful as a sentinel cancer to identify families that could benefit from HBOC or CRC surveillance, but to date pancreatic cancer is only considered an indication for genetic testing in the context of additional family history. Methods: Preliminary data generated at the Huntsman Cancer Hospital (HCH) included variants identified on a custom 34-gene panel or 59-gene panel including both known HBOC and CRC genes for respective sets of 66 and 147 pancreatic cancer cases, unselected for family history. Given the strength of preliminary data and corresponding literature, 61 sequential pancreatic cancer cases underwent a custom 14-gene clinical panel. Sequencing data from HCH pancreatic cancer cases, pancreatic cancer cases of the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), and an unselected pancreatic cancer screen from the Mayo Clinic were combined in a meta-analysis to estimate the proportion of carriers with pathogenic and high probability of pathogenic variants of uncertain significance (HiP-VUS). Results: Approximately 8.6% of unselected pancreatic cancer cases at the HCH carried a variant with potential HBOC or CRC screening recommendations. A meta-analysis of unselected pancreatic cancer cases revealed that approximately 11.5% carry a pathogenic variant or HiP-VUS. Conclusion: With the inclusion of both HBOC and CRC susceptibility genes in a panel test, unselected pancreatic cancer cases act as a useful sentinel cancer to identify asymptomatic at-risk relatives who could benefit from relevant HBOC and CRC surveillance measures. ; United States National Institutes of Health (NIH) National Cancer Institute (NCI) [R01CA164138]; NCI [P30CA042014]; Utah Genome Project; Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) for the CIHR Team in Familial Risks of Breast Cancer program; Government of Canada through Genome Canada; Canadian Institutes of Health Research; Ministere de l'enseignement superieur, de la recherche, de la science, et de la technologie du Quebec through Genome Quebec; NIH NCI Cancer Center Support Grant [P30CA042014]; Huntsman Cancer Foundation; National Human Genome Research Institute [T32HG008962] ; Open access journal. ; This item from the UA Faculty Publications collection is made available by the University of Arizona with support from the University of Arizona Libraries. If you have questions, please contact us at repository@u.library.arizona.edu.