O presente trabalho faz uma discussão entre a Economia Solidária, enquanto política pública de geração de trabalho e renda, e a Nova Sociologia Econômica enquanto abordagem teórica na compreensão dos fenômenos sociais. Buscamos compreender a contribuição acadêmica e política de ambas. A discussão se justifica, tendo em vista, que ambas as abordagens não se limitam a ver apenas o viés econômico, mas principalmente, procurando ver outros ângulos, que por muito tempo foram marginalizados na academia, como relações de confiança, rede sociais, capital social, solidariedade. Neste ensaio procuraremos estabelecer suas origens históricas, seus princípios, comparações e contribuições teóricas na análise e implementação de política pública de geração de emprego e renda.
A Antropologia Forense, integrando-se profundamente ao campo da Medicina Legal no Brasil, desempenha um papel crucial na identificação de restos humanos e na elucidação de crimes. Com a evolução tecnológica, principalmente no âmbito da reconstrução facial computadorizada, a disciplina tem experimentado avanços significativos, permitindo análises mais precisas e detalhadas de ossadas humanas, especialmente crânios, contribuindo de forma vital para a resolução de casos forenses. Este campo multidisciplinar, embasado em estudos bibliográficos e práticas emergentes, centra-se na análise craniométrica e na reconstrução facial a partir de restos ósseos. No contexto brasileiro, especialistas em antropologia forense empregam uma gama de técnicas inovadoras, como tomografia computadorizada, fotogrametria, modelagem e escaneamento 3D. Cada uma dessas técnicas possui particularidades e aplicações específicas, variando de acordo com as capacidades e recursos da instituição forense. A tomografia computadorizada, por exemplo, oferece uma visão detalhada da estrutura óssea, enquanto a fotogrametria se baseia no uso de imagens fotográficas de alta qualidade para a reconstrução facial. Por outro lado, a modelagem e o escaneamento 3D destacam-se pela sua precisão e capacidade de capturar detalhes tridimensionais da superfície óssea. O processo de reconstrução facial digital no Brasil evoluiu para se tornar uma ferramenta indispensável na Medicina Legal. Este avanço é especialmente relevante em casos onde os restos mortais são a única chave para desvendar a identidade da vítima ou as circunstâncias de sua morte. Profissionais qualificados na área utilizam softwares especializados para criar representações faciais que se aproximam ao máximo da aparência original do indivíduo, com base em dados craniométricos. A importância da Antropologia Forense na esfera jurídica e na investigação criminal no Brasil é incontestável. Contudo, ressalta-se a necessidade de constante aperfeiçoamento e pesquisa, bem como a comparação e análise dos métodos existentes, para assegurar a precisão e eficácia dessas técnicas forenses. A junção da tecnologia avançada com a perícia profissional promove um avanço significativo na resolução de casos criminais, reforçando o papel fundamental da Antropologia Forense na Medicina Legal brasileira.
Root-knot nematodes (RKN) are major crop pathogens worldwide. Trichoderma genus fungi are recognized biocontrol agents and a direct activity of Trichoderma atroviride (Ta) against the RKN Meloidogyne javanica (Mj), in terms of 42% reduction of number of galls (NG), 60% of number of egg masses and 90% of number of adult nematodes inside the roots, has been observed in tomato grown under greenhouse conditions. An in vivo split-root designed experiment served to demonstrate that Ta induces systemic resistance towards Mj, without the need for the organisms to be in direct contact, and significantly reduces NG (20%) and adult nematodes inside tomato roots (87%). The first generation (F1) of Ta-primed tomato plants inherited resistance to RKN; although, the induction of defenses occurred through different mechanisms, and in varying degrees, depending on the Ta-Mj interaction. Plant growth promotion induced by Ta was inherited without compromising the level of resistance to Mj, as the progeny of Ta-primed plants displayed increased size and resistance to Mj without fitness costs. Gene expression results from the defense inductions in the offspring of Ta-primed plants, suggested that an auxin-induced reactive oxygen species production promoted by Ta may act as a major defense strategy during plant growth. ; The research has been partially funded by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness for National project AGL2015-70671-C2-1-R, and by the Regional Government of Castilla y León (Spain) for project SA009U16. ; Peer reviewed
Human demands on resources such as food and energy are increasing through time while global challenges such as climate change and biodiversity loss are becoming more complex to overcome, as well as more widely acknowledged by societies and governments. Reports from initiatives like the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES) have demanded quick and reliable access to high-quality spatial and temporal data of species occurrences, their interspecific relations and the effects of the environment on biotic interactions. Mapping species interactions is crucial to understanding and conserving ecosystem functioning and all the services it can provide (Tylianakis et al. 2010, Slade et al. 2017). Detailed data has the potential to improve our knowledge about ecological and evolutionary processes guided by interspecific interactions, as well as to assist in planning and decision making for biodiversity conservation and restoration (Menz et al. 2011).Although a great effort has been made to successfully standardize and aggregate species occurrence data, a formal standard to support biotic interaction data sharing and interoperability is still lacking. There are different biological interactions that can be studied, such as predator-prey, host-parasite and pollinator-plant and there is a variety of data practices and data representation procedures that can be used.Plant-pollinator interactions are recognized in many sources from the scientific literature (Abrol 2012, Ollerton 2021) for the importance of ecosystem functioning and sustainable agriculture. Primary data about pollination are becoming increasingly available online and can be accessed from a great number of data repositories. While a vast quantity of data on interactions, and on pollination in particular, is available, data are not integrated among sources, largely because of a lack of appropriate standards.We present a vocabulary of terms for sharing plant-pollinator interactions using one of the existing ...
Human demands on resources such as food and energy are increasing through time while global challenges such as climate change and biodiversity loss are becoming more complex to overcome, as well as more widely acknowledged by societies and governments. Reports from initiatives like the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES) have demanded quick and reliable access to high-quality spatial and temporal data of species occurrences, their interspecific relations and the effects of the environment on biotic interactions. Mapping species interactions is crucial to understanding and conserving ecosystem functioning and all the services it can provide (Tylianakis et al. 2010, Slade et al. 2017). Detailed data has the potential to improve our knowledge about ecological and evolutionary processes guided by interspecific interactions, as well as to assist in planning and decision making for biodiversity conservation and restoration (Menz et al. 2011).
Human demands on resources such as food and energy are increasing through time while global challenges such as climate change and biodiversity loss are becoming more complex to overcome, as well as more widely acknowledged by societies and governments. Reports from initiatives like the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES) have demanded quick and reliable access to high-quality spatial and temporal data of species occurrences, their interspecific relations and the effects of the environment on biotic interactions. Mapping species interactions is crucial to understanding and conserving ecosystem functioning and all the services it can provide (Tylianakis et al. 2010, Slade et al. 2017). Detailed data has the potential to improve our knowledge about ecological and evolutionary processes guided by interspecific interactions, as well as to assist in planning and decision making for biodiversity conservation and restoration (Menz et al. 2011).Although a great effort has been made to successfully standardize and aggregate species occurrence data, a formal standard to support biotic interaction data sharing and interoperability is still lacking. There are different biological interactions that can be studied, such as predator-prey, host-parasite and pollinator-plant and there is a variety of data practices and data representation procedures that can be used.Plant-pollinator interactions are recognized in many sources from the scientific literature (Abrol 2012, Ollerton 2021) for the importance of ecosystem functioning and sustainable agriculture. Primary data about pollination are becoming increasingly available online and can be accessed from a great number of data repositories. While a vast quantity of data on interactions, and on pollination in particular, is available, data are not integrated among sources, largely because of a lack of appropriate standards.We present a vocabulary of terms for sharing plant-pollinator interactions using one of the existing extensions to the Darwin Core standard (Wieczorek et al. 2012). In particular, the vocabulary is meant to be used for the term measurementType of the Extended Measurement Or Facts extension. The vocabulary was developed by a community of specialists in pollination biology and information science, including members of the TDWG Biological Interaction Data Interest Group, during almost four years of collaborative work. The vocabulary introduces 40 new terms, comprising many aspects of plant-pollinator interactions, and can be used to capture information produced by studies with different approaches and scales.The plant-pollinator interactions vocabulary is mainly a set of terms that can be both understood by people or interpreted by machines. The plant-pollinator vocabulary is composed of a defining a set of terms and descriptive documents explaining how the vocabulary is to be used. The terms in the vocabulary are divided into six categories: Animal, Plants, Flower, Interaction, Reproductive Success and Nectar Dynamics. The categories are not formally part of the vocabulary, they are used only to organize the vocabulary and to facilitate understanding by humans. We expect that the plant-pollinator vocabulary will contribute to data aggregation from a variety of sources worldwide at higher levels than we have experienced, significantly amplify plant-pollinator data availability for global synthesis, and contribute to knowledge in conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity.
We evaluated the characteristics of the non-carcass components of 24 steers (Charolais × Nelore) fed different carbohydrate sources (ground corn, soybean hulls, or wheat bran) in the diet. The animals were 353.2 kg and 22 months of age at early termination, and had been fed forage consisting of sorghum silage at a forage:concentrate ratio of 40.2:59.8. The carbohydrate sources had no effect on the weights of the carcass, vital organs, and blood. The absolute weights of the intestines and rumen fat were higher (P < 0.05) in animals fed corn than in those fed soybean hulls or wheat bran (10.87 vs. 8.89 and 8.87 kg and 5.26 vs. 4.12 and 3.64 kg, respectively). The same pattern was observed when these organs weights were adjusted for empty body weight. The weight of the omasum was highest (P < 0.05) in the wheat bran-fed animals (6.02 vs. 4.70 and 5.49 kg in the corn- and soybean hull-fed animals, respectively). Animals fed soybean hulls had a higher absolute weight of kidney fat (1.6 kg) than steers receiving wheat bran (1.06 kg) or corn (0.79 kg). Wheat bran gave the highest leg weight compared with corn and soybean hulls (2.46 vs. 2.22 and 2.23 kg per 100 kg of empty body weight, respectively).
