Suchergebnisse

The international discourse around development aid proposes the instrumentalisation of culture based on a positively valued utilitarian objective that is social and economic development. A public policy approach would expect this to be consensual among observers, but it is not, as there are potential negative impacts of such instrumentalisation and discussion is polarized. The interest of this paper is on what model, if any, of cultural policy is being diffused to developing countries and what leeway for policy choice is contained in such agenda. I propose to explore how the link between culture and development is framed in the interaction between international partners such as UNESCO and the EU, and three lusophone African countries: Angola, Mozambique and Cape Verde.

In the aftermath of the September 11 attacks, the security environment in the Western world has changed considerably. Threat perception and risk management are being reassessed, and the word "security" has acquired an added relevance in the political agenda. This paper addresses a particular derivation of the concept of security, which is human security, from the perspective of refugee protection and human rights of the individual, assessing the advantages and disadvantages, together with the possible uses and misuses of the notion in the post-September 11 context. In particular, it deals with the question of what has changed that could demand greater attention in crafting a human security regime, which may in specific regions be inclusive of some but exclusive of others. It concludes by cautioning against a drift of the concept towards incorporating too many different elements that may be used perversely and against the interests of refugees. ; À la suite des attentats du 11 septembre, l'environnement en matière de sécurité a considérablement changé dans le monde occidental. La perception des menaces et la gestion du risque ont acquis une nouvelle pertinence dans l'agenda politique. Cet article examine un aspect particulier de la notion de sécurité, c.à-d. la sécurité humaine, du point de vue de la protection des réfugiés et des droits de la personne de chaque individu. Il tente d'en évaluer les avantages et les inconvénients, aussi bien que les usages et abus possibles dans le contexte de l'après 11 septembre. Plus spécifiquement, il lance une réflexion sur la question de savoir ce qui a changé dans ce nouvel univers qui demanderait plus d'attention afin qu'on puisse façonner un régime de sécurité humaine qui, dans certaines régions, inclurait certains groupes et en exclurait d'autres. L'article conclut avec une mise en garde contre une dérive de la notion pour inclure trop d'éléments disparates qui pourraient être utilisés d'une manière perverse et contre les intérêts des réfugiés.

Muitas das constituições latino-americanas refletem o conjunto político-institucional que precisa ser transformado, forçando ainda a cobrança de um modelo democrático mais apropriado para cada país e para a região, com a adoção de mecanismos de democracia mais comunitária e participativa. Essa transformação já pode ser vista em alguns países como o Brasil, Colômbia, Venezuela, Equador, Bolívia e Argentina, onde os institutos de participação popular direta compõem-se ao modelo representativo, ampliando, desse modo, a margem de atuação dos cidadãos nas instâncias consultivas e deliberativas dos poderes institucionalizados. No entanto, esses instrumentos de democracia direta só trazem a eficácia necessária ao exercício da cidadania se as demais esferas constitucionais também forem democratizadas, e no âmbito regional, protegidas. Um passo importante para o fortalecimento da democracia na região foi a construção de integração política denominado União das Nações Sul-Americanas – UNASUL. Com a entrada do Tratado Constitutivo da União de Nações Sul-Americanas, em 9 de fevereiro de 2011, foi criado o Protocolo Adicional sobre Compromisso com a Democracia, assinado em novembro de 2010, na Cúpula de Georgetown, tornando-se o primeiro ato normativo em vigor. O Protocolo Adicional cria a chamada "cláusula democrática", por meio da qual os Estados Membros reforçam seu compromisso com a promoção, defesa e proteção da ordem democrática na América do Sul. Neste artigo, o caso do Paraguai será analisado como aferição de eficácia do referido Protocolo e do reforço institucional de democracia para a região.

Africa has been the neglected continent in world politics. It has also been the subject of aid dependency and policy conditionality, leaving little autonomy of decision-making and ownership of its development policies. The recent economic turn-around and the global rush for resources and commodities have raised the importance of the African continent in the international economic scene. Many African countries are rich in resources and they have seen their development possibilities enhanced by intensified economic relations in particular with the emerging economies but also with their traditional main partners. However, as this is happening at the country level and African countries still have disperse voices in their exchanges with the rest of the world, the possibilities for leveraging this new potential are limited. Through the analysis of the dynamics of regional integration in Africa, this paper explores the hypothesis that increased integration would give a stronger voice, policy space and ultimately ownership of policies to African countries.

International efforts to uphold the rights of IDPs are bearing fruit at the normative level as well as in attempts to improve the institutional arrangements. So far, however, there are no agreed criteria nor mechanisms to address the question of when displacement ends.

The objective of this article is to reflect the current conformation of Brazilian Social Security which permits the universalization of the same. Based on the protected and unprotected social concepts adopted by the National Council of Social Welfare (CNP), which reflects on the scope on social security to the socially unprotected. This is an exploratory study conducted by a normative framework of social security in Brazil. It is concluded that such concepts lead to an understanding of social protection where there is a complementary relation between the right to social security and social assistance without the possibily of universalization of this protection. The universalization requires not only inseparability and complementarity between the two polices – as well as the political, economic and social polices where work and the guarantee of social reproduction of individuals be taken as citizenships rights.

"This book examines the role of trust in public life. It seeks to contribute to a more nuanced understanding of certain fundamental concepts in political and legal theory, such as the concepts of authority, power, social practice, the rule of law, and justice by furnishing and sharpening our concepts of trust and trustworthiness. Bringing together contributors from across the social, cognitive, historical, and political sciences, to the book opens up inquiries into central concepts in legal theory as well as new approaches and methodologies. The interdisciplinary contributions analyse the notions of trust, trustworthiness, and distrust and apply them to address a variety of problems and questions"--