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Local government regulation of land development and homebuilding has become more complicated and more demanding in recent years. Most of the new control techniques can be used either to manage growth in an orderly way or to limit and discourage growth. A review of experience in Northern California reveals many instances in which techniques such as utility moratoria, development fees, growth quotas, environmental impact reviews, and environmental lawsuits have been used in ways that increase the cost of new housing. Among the direct cost impacts of growth controls, the most important result from the rapidly increasing development charges levied by many communities, and from the stretch-out of development time caused by local review procedures. Many growth controls also generate a series of indirect impacts likely to lead to far greater increases in the sales prices of new homes. Four indirect impacts likely to have major effects on house prices are redesign of housing developments to make them more acceptable to local interest groups; restriction of the supply of land available for homebuilding; restriction of competition among homebuilders; and reduction in the ability of homebuilders to increase their output during cyclical increases in consumer demand.

Local government regulation of land development & homebuilding has become more complicated & demanding in recent years. Most new control techniques can serve either to manage growth or to discourage it. A review of experience in northern Calif shows how utility moratoria, development fees, growth quotas, environmental impact reviews, & environmental lawsuits have increased the cost of new housing. The greatest direct cost impacts of growth controls result from the rapidly increasing development charges levied by communities, & from increased development time caused by local review procedures. Many growth controls also generate indirect impacts likely to raise the sales prices of new homes, eg: redesign of housing developments to make them more acceptable to local interest groups; restriction of the supply of land available for homebuilding; restriction of competition among homebuilders; & reduction in homebuilders' ability to increase output during cyclical increases in consumer demand. Modified HA.

Local governments across the country have been enacting new growth control regulations, usually in the name of environmental protection. The effects of these new controls can be seen most clearly in northern California, where a large number of San Francisco suburbs have all tightened their restrictions on home building. The new control systems have made it easy for groups that oppose growth to block or curtail new housing developments. Growth control tactics and the environmental politics that surround them have succeeded in reducing the amount of housing built in many new developments, restricting competition among home builders, raising costs to consumers, and restricting the locational choices available to families with average incomes. At the same time, they have contributed little to the improvement of the public environment, but have protected many established suburban communities against the inconveniences of growth and the loss of open land. By blocking growth in locations close to job centers, opponents have shifted home building to the suburban fringe, where the environmental costs are usually greater.

Local governments across the country have been enacting new growth control regulations, usually in the name of environmental protection. The effects of these new controls can be seen most clearly in northern Calif, where a large number of San Francisco suburbs have tightened their restrictions on home building. The new control systems have made it easy for groups that oppose growth to block or curtail new housing developments. Growth control tactics & the environmental politics that surround them have succeeded in reducing the size & number of new developments, restricting competition among home builders, raising costs to consumers, & restricting the locational choices available to families with average incomes. At the same time, they have contributed little to the improvement of the public environment, but have protected many established suburban communities against the inconveniences of growth & the loss of open land. By blocking growth in locations close to job centers, opponents have shifted home building to the suburban fringe, where the environmental costs are usually greater. HA.