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AbstractHow did poverty, race, population density, and other demographic characteristics affect disenfranchisement in the 2004 presidential election? I argue that there are two types of disenfranchisement: partisan disenfranchisement, which targets Democrats, and structural disenfranchisement, which targets members of low‐status groups. Drawing demographic data from the United States census in 2000, and voting data from the secretaries of state websites, I use a negative binomial regression to correlate these variables with the incidence of voter disenfranchisement as collected by the Election Incident Reporting System, for the three "swing" states of Florida, Ohio, and Pennsylvania, with the "safe" states of California and Texas as controls. The results of this analysis indicate that disenfranchisement increases with population density, Black population, Democratic loyalty, and as the margin of victory decreases. Income and education also correlate with an increase in reported incidents of disenfranchisement, but that likely reflects the failings of self‐report data.

How did poverty, race, population density, & other demographic characteristics affect disenfranchisement in the 2004 presidential election? I argue that there are two types of disenfranchisement: partisan disenfranchisement, which targets Democrats, & structural disenfranchisement, which targets members of low-status groups. Drawing demographic data from the United States census in 2000, & voting data from the secretaries of state websites, I use a negative binomial regression to correlate these variables with the incidence of voter disenfranchisement as collected by the Election Incident Reporting System, for the three "swing" states of Florida, Ohio, & Pennsylvania, with the "safe" states of California & Texas as controls. The results of this analysis indicate that disenfranchisement increases with population density, Black population, Democratic loyalty, & as the margin of victory decreases. Income & education also correlate with an increase in reported incidents of disenfranchisement, but that likely reflects the failings of self-report data. Tables, References. Adapted from the source document.

Health advocacy organizations (HAOs) are influential stakeholders in health policy. Although their advocacy tends to closely correspond with the pharmaceutical industry's marketing aims, the financial relationships between HAOs and the pharmaceutical industry have rarely been analyzed.