Suchergebnisse

Historians have typically presented the early 1970s underground paper Suburban Press, a major stylistic influence on the emergence of punk, as a British application of Situationist ideas and aesthetics. However, in this narrative, the role of Mao Zedong and Maoism in the underground
press, and punk, gets reduced to their mimetic capacity to shock. This paper will reconsider Suburban Press within the context of Croydon's underground scene, to rescue an alternative narrative in which Mao and Maoism occupy a sincere and not only satirical position. It argues that
the 'suburban' in the title of Suburban Press had three distinct meanings: the middle-class left-wing politics of the young radicals' parents; working-class areas like New Addington, analogous to the French banlieue ; and the complex process of (sub)urbanisation typified by
Croydon's changing town centre. This paper thereby hints at a new history of the 'spatial turn' in which the influence of Maoism upon its key theorists – e. g., Henri Lefebvre, Michel Foucault, and Doreen Massey – is recognised. It concludes by suggesting some implications for
recent references to spatiality in leftwing politics in Britain, outlining a 'spatial Maoism' to add to the 'two lines of global Maoism' recently described by Colleen Lye.

Abstract
If nineteenth-century notions of order and decorum reached something of an apotheosis in realist representations of Madrid's gardens, works such as Valle-Inclán's Luces de Bohemia (1924) and Pío Baroja's Las noches del Buen Retiro (1934) present gardens as an image of twentieth-century urban society's excesses and limits. Valle-Inclán's nocturnal garden with prostitutes and shattered glass suggests the bleakness of protagonist Max Estrella's social orbit, while Pío Baroja's vision of Madrid's Jardines del Buen Retiro pleasure garden conceals hostility and alienation under the guise of nostalgia and social refinement. Both gardens symbolize the 'degeneration' of what Jo Labanyi has described as the object of the modernizing state: to define the private self through the assumption of publicly defined roles.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS S. M. acknowledges funding by the European Union's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Program under Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement 747877. MI acknowledges funding from Swedish Research Council (Contract 2017-04129) and funding from the Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland (20130185, 20141047) granted to Stefan Bengtson. DW acknowledges funding from the Australian Research Council via a Future Fellowship (FT140100321). The authors acknowledge the facilities, and the scientific and technical assistance of Microscopy Australia at the Centre for Microscopy, Characterisation & Analysis, The University of Western Australia, a facility funded by the University, State and Commonwealth Governments. The chemical garden experiments were supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. 1609495 to O.S. Chemical garden SEM measurements were carried out at the Condensed Matter and Materials Physics User Facility of Florida State University. We thank Dr. Eric Lochner for sharing his technical expertise. We acknowledge the Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen, Switzerland for provision of synchrotron radiation beamtime at the TOMCAT beamline X02DA of the Swiss Light Source and would like to thank Federica Marone for help at the beamline and SRXTM analyses. We thank three anonymous reviewers for their comments, which greatly improved the manuscript. Funding information Paul Scherrer Institut, Grant/Award Number: 20130185 and 20141047; Vetenskapsrådet, Grant/Award Number: 2017-04129; Australian Research Council, Grant/Award Number: FT140100321; H2020 Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions, Grant/Award Number: 747877; National Science Foundation, Grant/Award Number: 1609495 ; Peer reviewed ; Publisher PDF