Dual Arrest and Other Unintended Consequences of Mandatory Arrest in New York City: A Brief Report
In: Journal of family violence, Band 22, Heft 6, S. 397-405
ISSN: 1573-2851
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In: Journal of family violence, Band 22, Heft 6, S. 397-405
ISSN: 1573-2851
In: Journal of black sexuality and relationships, Band 4, Heft 3, S. 1-23
ISSN: 2376-7510
In: Violence and Gender, Band 3, Heft 1, S. 55-63
ISSN: 2326-7852
In: Evaluation and Program Planning, Band 66, S. 165-173
In: Criminology: the official publication of the American Society of Criminology, Band 45, Heft 2, S. 385-414
ISSN: 1745-9125
This research reassesses the role of policing and drugs in the sharp homicide decline in New York City in the 1990s. Drawing on theoretical arguments about "broken windows" policing and lethal violence associated with the diffusion of crack cocaine, we estimate the effects of measures of misdemeanor arrests and cocaine prevalence on homicide rates with pooled, cross‐sectional time‐series data for 74 New York City precincts over the 1990–1999 period. The results of mixed regression models reveal a significant negative effect of changes in misdemeanor arrests and a significant positive effect of changes in cocaine prevalence on changes in total homicide rates. Additional analyses of homicide disaggregated by weapon indicate that the effects of misdemeanor arrests and cocaine prevalence emerge for gun‐related but not for non‐gun‐related homicides. Overall, the research generally supports influential interpretations of the homicide decline in New York City but also raises questions about underlying mechanisms that warrant more inquiry in future research.
In: Research on social work practice, Band 33, Heft 3, S. 296-304
ISSN: 1552-7581
Purpose: Women engaged in sex work (WESW) who use drugs face barriers to HIV testing. HIV self-testing (HST) may empower sex workers to learn their HIV status; however, it is not scaled up among WESW in Kazakhstan. This study aimed to explore barriers and facilitators to traditional HIV testing and HST among this population. Method: We conducted 30 in-depth interviews (IDIs) and four focus groups (FGs) with Kazakhstani WESW who use drugs. Pragmatic analysis was used to explore key themes from qualitative data. Results: Participants welcomed HST due to its potential to overcome logistical challenges by accessing HIV testing, as well as the stigma that WESW faces in traditional HIV testing. Participants desired emotional and social support for HST, and for linkage to HIV care and other services. Discussion: HST among women who exchange sex and use drugs can be successfully implemented to mitigate stigma and barriers to HIV testing.
In: Evaluation and Program Planning, Band 63, S. 45-53
In: Substance use & misuse: an international interdisciplinary forum, Band 47, Heft 5, S. 522-534
ISSN: 1532-2491