Suchergebnisse

Gegenstannd der Untersuchung ist die Kontinuität wesentlicher Aspekte chinesischer politischer Tradition aus der Kaiserzeit in der Volksrepublik China. Solche Kontinuitäten identifiziert der Verfasser in vier Bereiche: (1) Konzentration der politischen Macht bei wenigen Personen ohne institutionalisierte Kontrolle; (2) Recht als Instrument zur Kontrolle der Bevölkerung, keine rechtliche Kontrolle der Herrschenden; (3) dominierende Rolle des Staates in allen gesellschaftlichen Bereichen, staatlich gestützter Wahrheitsanspruch der offiziellen Ideologie, staatliches Monopol im Komunikationssektor; (4) Unterordnung aller sozialen Gruppen unter den Staat, Verständnis von Individuen als Untertanen. (BIOst-Wpt)

This is the final version. Available on open access from the American Association for the Advancement of Science via the DOI in this record ; In summer 2018, central and northern Europe were stricken by extreme drought and heat (DH2018). The DH2018 differed from previous events in being preceded by extreme spring warming and brightening, but moderate rainfall deficits, yet registering the fastest transition between wet winter conditions and extreme summer drought. Using 11 vegetation models, we show that spring conditions promoted increased vegetation growth, which, in turn, contributed to fast soil moisture depletion, amplifying the summer drought. We find regional asymmetries in summer ecosystem carbon fluxes: Increased (reduced) sink in the northern (southern) areas affected by drought. These asymmetries can be explained by distinct legacy effects of spring growth and of water-use efficiency dynamics mediated by vegetation composition, rather than by distinct ecosystem responses to summer heat/drought. The asymmetries in carbon and water exchanges during spring and summer 2018 suggest that future land-management strategies could influence patterns of summer heat waves and droughts under long-term warming. ; European Union Horizon 2020 ; SNSF ; Helmholtz Association ; US Department of Energy