Suchergebnisse

The aim of this paper is to examine how territorial movements, as distinct forms of place-based social movements, organise in defence of life against the threat of resource extraction on their land. Based on the experiences of Indigenous Lafkenche-Mapuche members of a protracted struggle against a pulp mill in southern Chile, the study seeks to address the following research questions: (1) How do territorial movements emerge and organise the defence of their threatened lives? and (2) How do diverging (Indigenous and non-Indigenous) territorial relations shape the dynamics of the struggle? Combining insights from Enrique Dussel's 'ethics of liberation' with that of Indigenous ontologies, this study suggests that territorial movements emerge out of the awakening of a critical consciousness of the threat of death and the collective 'desire to live' that define the dynamics of the struggle. The findings demonstrate how the diverging territorial relations, the societally embedded 'coloniality of power', and the state and corporate induced violence shape the movement dynamics. Changes in the movement dynamics also occur as a result of the struggle itself, as the movement actors' unified desire to live continuously transforms the people and shapes the territory they inhabit.

How does transformative change that restructures humans' relations to the Earth come into being? The proposal for degrowth calls for a drastic reorganization of societies in order to deal with the current planetary socioecological and climate crises. Yet, there is a lack of understanding of how such socioecological transformations are brought into being. In this article, we examine prefigurative processes of socioecological transformations. We introduce the concept of the act of (de)growing, a prefigurative practice in which individuals engage at a personal level as they disentangle from organizational spaces governed by growth (act of degrowing), while entangling with nonhumans (cows, sheep, plants and seeds) to consciously make something else grow (act of growing) in the place that they inhabit. Drawing on 10 personal stories of degrowth in the Nordics, we identify four interlinked dimensions of socioecological transformations that bring new degrowth inspired organizational landscapes into being (disentangling from growth; organizing with nonhumans in place; the emergence of novel subjectivities in place; and the formation of translocal networks of support). We discuss the implications that these dispersed situated forms of socioecological transformations have for breaking with the systemic inertia of societal institutions built on economic growth.

This special issue explores how best to use performance to leverage justice for victims of trafficking, child soldiers, illegal immigrants, the poor, and others who lack recognition and protection within the legal and social apparati of national governments and some non-governmental organizations (NGOs). This focus has emerged from a two-year research project on "Gendered Citizenship: Manifestations and Performance" between scholars in theatre and performance in collaboration with politics colleagues at University of Warwick, UK and Jawaharlal Nehru University, Delhi.

<p>Entre los años mil novecientos treinta y dos y mil novecientos sesenta y ocho en Minamata, Japón, la compañía Chisso vertió unas veintisiete toneladas de compuestos de mercurio a la bahía de la región, esto trajo como consecuencia que más de dos mil quinientas personas presentaran como cuadro clínico un desorden neurotóxico entre otras implicaciones, a esto se le llamó enfermedad de Minamata y es causada por el envenenamiento de mercurio y sus compuestos. Este suceso marcó precedentes e hizo que al pasar de los años se fueran tomando medidas por los países del mundo para tener un control del mercurio. En el año dos mil trece se firmó el primer convenio que regula el mercurio y lleva por nombre "Convenio de Minamata" debido a la tragedia ocurrida en la bahía, el convenio tiene el objeto de controlar las emisiones que se siguen generando del elemento y eliminar su uso y residuos gradualmente. México forma parte del convenio de Minamata y dentro de sus legislaciones en materia ambiental se intenta regular el manejo de las sustancias químicas para así evitar contribuir a la contaminación del medio ambiente.</p>

Reminiscence therapy (RT) is an evidence-based treatment for alleviating depression and improving life satisfaction among elders, yet less is known about its efficacy in diverse ethnic groups. We report on the evaluation of a cultural adaptation of the RT intervention that combines reminiscence with three innovative elements: including family members in RT; conducting community events for participants to present their artwork and life-story books created during the intervention; and using ethnically matched bilingual community workers. The 12-week intervention with pre- and post-test assessments was completed by 73 Hispanic and 92 Vietnamese elders (mean age  =  75 years; 62% female; mostly foreign-born, with limited English proficiency). Paired t-tests indicated statistically significant improvement in depression, loneliness, and life satisfaction. Sixty-two percent of participants noted improved relationships with family/friends through improved communication and shared understanding of the participant's life story. Fifty percent of respondents participated in a community event and the qualitative comments noted improved connection with their community through listening to others' life experiences and sharing their own. Participant perceptions of ethnically matched community workers were positive, but several indicated they could work with someone from a different ethnic background. Similar to general RT findings, the culturally adapted RT intervention demonstrated improvement in depression, loneliness, and life satisfaction among elders from two different ethnic backgrounds. Implications for future projects are discussed based on the findings and experience of conducting this intervention.

In 2015, Spanish local governments began to apply a new accounting standard. The success achieved in its implementation is related with stimuli from outside the organization and with the institutional capacity – administrative and political – developed by it. Through an electronic questionnaire and several interviews carried out with municipal chief financial officers it has been shown that few actions to build the necessary institutional capacity were undertaken in the period prior to its implementation. The results show that the LGs did not attain the necessary institutional capacity and will have to continue allocating resources and time to improve it. ; En 2015, los ayuntamientos españoles comenzaron a aplicar la nueva Instrucción de Contabilidad Pública Local. El éxito de su aplicación está relacionado tanto con los estímulos externos a la entidad como con la capacidad institucional (administrativa y política) desarrollada. Mediante un cuestionario electrónico y varias entrevistas a los interventores, se han identificado las acciones emprendidas en la etapa previa a la entrada en vigor de la norma, para lograr el desarrollo de la capacidad institucional necesaria. Los resultados muestran que el nivel alcanzado es mínimo y que los ayuntamientos deberán continuar destinando recursos y tiempo para mejorar el desarrollo de la capacidad institucional.

As part of our Gendered Citizenship project, we partnered or collaborated with several NGOs and theatre companies whose work is on the front lines of supporting survivors of poverty, violence, statelessness, and homelessness. We have listed these organizations and their websites in our "Further Resources" list at the end of this section. Here we share the "best practices" of two NGOs that work with survivors: one young and community-based (ARM of Care), growing quickly from a grass roots start; the other (Kolkata Sanved) engaged for twenty years to develop a substantial international reputation.

AbstractMore is known about how 'push factors' motivate emigration and how immigrants adapt to their new environment than about psychological factors associated with migration intentions for those experiencing adversity in their country of origin. This paper explores the association between multisystem resilience and migration intentions among youth in Honduras. In this context of high economic need and contextual violence, higher levels of resilience are associated with higher levels of migration intentions among those who have a job and thus the ability to navigate or negotiate access to resources – economic, social and psychological – that make it possible to consider migration. Among those who have not been victims of violence and consequently may not have that motivation to migrate, higher levels of resilience are associated with lower migration intentions.

The aim of the present paper is to explore the effect that the de-agentification process implemented by the Spanish government has had on public expenditure since 2010. Specifically, we analyse the effect of the actions carried out on the number of public agencies. Our sample is composed of a set of data from 17 Spanish Regional Governments in the period 2003-2017. Based on panel data estimations, the findings show a significantly positive association between the number of public agencies and public expenditure. Therefore, these findings extend the debate about the potential benefits for government concerning the creation of public agencies.

Building resilient sustainable social-ecological systems (SES) requires communities to enhance their adaptive capacities. Communal participative land-use planning (Zonificación Participativa Comunal—ZPC) is a tool designed for communities to integrating local and scientific knowledge to sustainably organize and manage their SES. Between 2006 and 2011, a ZPC was developed with communities in the buffer zone of Cordillera Azul National Park (Peru), where rapid demographic changes are converting pre-montane seasonally dry forest into agricultural land. Herein, we analyse how the ZPC enhanced adaptive capacity, enabling the SES to cope with environmental, political and economic changes. Based on qualitative, semi-structured interviews, communities are analysed along their capacities in the dimensions social capital, learning, adaptive management and governance. An analysis of yearly high-resolution forest cover data supports our findings. Deforestation activities in biologically sensitive zones decreased rapidly during the time of the ZPC implementation. We find that particularly the long-term presence of the bridging institution and the continuous testing and reflection of the integrated "hybrid knowledge" enabled communities to develop adaptive capacities. The analysis of ZPC our results reveals the enabling conditions for promoting the learning process to develop a sustainable land-use management in the context of migration and rapid changes. ; Open-Access-Publikationsfonds 2018 ; peerReviewed

This study explores the relationships between bricolage, firm performance and growth opportunities in contexts characterized by extreme resource scarcity. Using a sample of 160 Palestinian female entrepreneurs as representative of entrepreneurs acting in extremely resource-deprived environments, we find that bricolage has a positive influence on firm performance. Further, as predicted in the hypotheses, the role of bricolage differs depending on the type of strategy the firm develops. When firms seek to introduce new products/services or modifications in their current products/services, a high level of bricolage hinders performance. Conversely, when firms seek to expand by introducing their current products/services in new markets and opening new locations, bricolage enhances performance. This study offers a more nuanced understanding than previous research of the role of bricolage in contexts of extreme resource constraints.

Este estudio examina los diferentes tipos de mecanismos usados por el estado y las corporaciones transnacionales para gobernar a los miembros de las comunidades afectadas o amenazadas por extractivismo en su territorio. Basado en estudios etnografícos, entrevistas y documentos oficiales del Estado y empresas foresales, el estudio identifica mecanismos claves de cómo los estados y corporaciones se comprometen a asegurar un consentimiento no violento de los gobernados en 'territorios en resistencia' (Zibechi 2012) contra el extractivismo. Los hallazgos apuntan a la naturaleza cambiante de controlar territorios basado tanto en inclusión por un lado y violencia por otro (zanahoria y palo). Entonces, las operaciones extractivistas funcionan a base de una relación enredada de múltiples actores y territorios, no solo de empresas y la comunidad local. Adaptando un marco de SLO brinda a los actores estatales y privados una sutil forma de gobernar comunidades resistentes, manteniendo una aperencia de acoger ideales democraciticos incluyentes y participativos Aunque estos mecanismos puedan parecer beneficiosos, también afectan la fábrica social de la comunidad e interrumpen procesos de auto-organización e independencia productiva (en este ámbito entendido como la capacidad de la comunidad misma de sostener la vida en el territorio que habita)