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This article seeks to explore how a social learning environment can be constructed that uses IT and the Internet. Based on interviews and observations made during two experiments concerning IT and senior citizens in Denmark, the article examines how these experiments make the link between senior citizens and the Internet. In particular, the cases show how IT, as it is used in the social experiments, can be applied to construct empowerment properties and thereby enable "active citizenship" for seniors.

The study's main contribution consists of the systematic review of the concept and application of public service innovation networks for social innovation (PSINSIs) in the particular Danish context. It is based on a systematic search of documents from Google and key web sites of Danish governmental and research organizations.The paper highlightsthat the concept takes several forms and names in the Danishliterature, thus contributing to theory. The results show that the literature on PSINSIs can be grouped according to 4 themes: 1) 'Samskabelse' (co-creation), 2) collaboration with the civil society, 3) social entrepreneurs and social innovation, 4) public-private innovation partnerships. The reviewpresents and discusses a number of Danish-based PSINSIs projects, which are the base for interesting learning lessons, thus contributing also to practice. ; The study's main contribution consists of the systematic review of the concept and application of public service innovation networks for social innovation (PSINSIs) in the particular Danish context. It is based on a systematic search of documents from Google and key web sites of Danish governmental and research organizations.The paper highlightsthat the concept takes several forms and names in the Danishliterature, thus contributing to theory. The results show that the literature on PSINSIs can be grouped according to 4 themes: 1) 'Samskabelse' (co-creation), 2) collaboration with the civil society, 3) social entrepreneurs and social innovation, 4) public-private innovation partnerships. The reviewpresents and discusses a number of Danish-based PSINSIs projects, which are the base for interesting learning lessons, thus contributing also to practice.

Institutional-based approaches to trust can explain how trust logics can exist in a societal context as compared to logics of distrust. Strong institutions in the form of regulative, normative and cognitive structures can enable and inspire trust-relations among people at the interpersonal and inter-organizational level. We suggest, however, that the actor-dimension of institutional-based trust is an underexplored issue in the literature. Quoting Fligstein, institutional theory needs to explain how 'some social actors are better at producing desired social outcomes than are others' (Fligstein, 1997: 398). While Fligstein refers to actors who engage in 'robust or local action' we argue that actors who engage in (robust, local) sensemaking activities are better at (re)producing institutional-based trust. Particularly in situations when institutions are relatively unstable, unfamiliar to the actors and ambiguous, sensemaking strategies directed towards exploring the institutional foundations of trust at a local level can be an important basis of interpersonal trust-relations. First, based on a summary of studies of institutional-based trust we argue that an unresolved issue is how institutions more precisely form the basis for trust-relations. Second, we explore how sensemaking may serve as a bridge between institutional contexts and interpersonal trust processes. Based on Weber and Glynn's (2006) model of relations between institutions and sensemaking, we argue that institutions are 'emerging' rather than 'impacting'. The relevance of this view of sensemaking for bridging institutional-based and interpersonal trust processes is illustrated by reviewing a case study on how trust is created in a politically turbulent and foreign environment. ; Institutional-based approaches to trust can explain how trust logics can exist in a societal context as compared to logics of distrust. Strong institutions in the form of regulative, normative and cognitive structures can enable and inspire trust-relations among people at the interpersonal and inter-organizational level. We suggest, however, that the actor-dimension of institutional-based trust is an underexplored issue in the literature. Quoting Fligstein, institutional theory needs to explain how 'some social actors are better at producing desired social outcomes than are others' (Fligstein, 1997: 398). While Fligstein refers to actors who engage in 'robust or local action' we argue that actors who engage in (robust, local) sensemaking activities are better at (re)producing institutional-based trust. Particularly in situations when institutions are relatively unstable, unfamiliar to the actors and ambiguous, sensemaking strategies directed towards exploring the institutional foundations of trust at a local level can be an important basis of interpersonal trust-relations. First, based on a summary of studies of institutional-based trust we argue that an unresolved issue is how institutions more precisely form the basis for trust-relations. Second, we explore how sensemaking may serve as a bridge between institutional contexts and interpersonal trust processes. Based on Weber and Glynn's (2006) model of relations between institutions and sensemaking, we argue that institutions are 'emerging' rather than 'impacting'. The relevance of this view of sensemaking for bridging institutional-based and interpersonal trust processes is illustrated by reviewing a case study on how trust is created in a politically turbulent and foreign environment.

Institutional-based approaches to trust can explain how trust logics can exist in a societal context as compared to logics of distrust. Strong institutions in the form of regulative, normative and cognitive structures can enable and inspire trust-relations among people at the interpersonal and inter-organizational level. We suggest, however, that the actor-dimension of institutional-based trust is an underexplored issue in the literature. Quoting Fligstein, institutional theory needs to explain how 'some social actors are better at producing desired social outcomes than are others' (Fligstein, 1997: 398). While Fligstein refers to actors who engage in 'robust or local action' we argue that actors who engage in (robust, local) sensemaking activities are better at (re)producing institutional-based trust. Particularly in situations when institutions are relatively unstable, unfamiliar to the actors and ambiguous, sensemaking strategies directed towards exploring the institutional foundations of trust at a local level can be an important basis of interpersonal trust-relations. First, based on a summary of studies of institutional-based trust we argue that an unresolved issue is how institutions more precisely form the basis for trust-relations. Second, we explore how sensemaking may serve as a bridge between institutional contexts and interpersonal trust processes. Based on Weber and Glynn's (2006) model of relations between institutions and sensemaking, we argue that institutions are 'emerging' rather than 'impacting'. The relevance of this view of sensemaking for bridging institutional-based and interpersonal trust processes is illustrated by reviewing a case study on how trust is created in a politically turbulent and foreign environment.

The aim of the paper is to explore how living labs, as a specific tool of innovation in the public sector focusing on stakeholder and citizen involvement, can enable public value creation with a commitment to democracy. The paper is based on a thorough presentation of living lab literature and two case studies of living labs within Danish local government settings. The paper reveals that living labs within Danish local government are working with multiple notions of what living labs are, the role of citizens in co-creation activities, and how living labs are legitimized. Analyzed through the lens of public value theory and the strategic triangle, the article particularly discusses how living labs can contribute to creating democratic practices that strengthen public value. The paper shows that living labs can facilitate a collaborative and democratic approach to innovation in the public sector, and that there are pitfalls of living labs in creating a vision of citizen engagement rather than a reality of democratic practices of value creation ; The aim of the paper is to explore how living labs, as a specific tool of innovation in the public sector focusing on stakeholder and citizen involvement, can enable public value creation with a commitment to democracy. The paper is based on a thorough presentation of living lab literature and two case studies of living labs within Danish local government settings. The paper reveals that living labs within Danish local government are working with multiple notions of what living labs are, the role of citizens in co-creation activities, and how living labs are legitimized. Analyzed through the lens of public value theory and the strategic triangle, the article particularly discusses how living labs can contribute to creating democratic practices that strengthen public value. The paper shows that living labs can facilitate a collaborative and democratic approach to innovation in the public sector, and that there are pitfalls of living labs in creating a vision of citizen engagement rather than a reality of democratic practices of value creation

Public innovation has received increasing attention in recent years. Experiments with new governance structures, such as New Public Management and New Public Governance, have challenged the traditional top-down, internally driven forms of innovation in the public sector and have entailed a search for new forms of open, collaborative and interactive innovation, implying a reframing of public innovation activities. However, introducing these new frames of innovation causes uncertainties in the public sector, necessitating better understanding of how public innovation can be changed to address societal needs. This paper uses materials from case studies of 21 public living labs across Europe to analyse the lessons that can be learned from public sector participation in living labs in terms of their contribution to reframing public innovation. The "frame" construct is used to analyse and provide an understanding of how participation in living labs helps public actors to reframe innovation and address public and societal needs. Three living lab framings for changing public innovation are identified (processual learning, restrained space and democratic engagement), and the degree of intensity of these framings with respect to involving stakeholders and addressing societal challenges is discussed. The paper contributes to knowledge of public sector innovation by extending previous accounts of how public innovation can be improved.