Suchergebnisse

"Fulkerson provides a contemporary, in-depth understanding of communities that is useful for research, planning, and development purposes. His approach incorporates and builds on the urban-rural dynamics approach centered on the urban-rural system concept, making it relevant to urban and rural scholars"--

This content analysis of newspaper articles and online social media from English-speaking sources on the topic of 'fracking' interrogates the use of scientific legitimacy in claims-makings and how public understandings of science develop through these media. In both forms of media, science is invoked in one sense as rational and objective to either neutralize or support emotionally-charged accounts and fears of hydraulic fracturing dangers. In another sense, however, science is viewed as a bureaucratic tool used at the will of government and business interests and easily corrupted to support ideological or interest-based positions. Claims regarding science typically follow ideological positions rather than the reverse - the 'science' that supports fracking as safe is called into question by those skeptical of fracking, while the anti-fracking position is designated as 'anti-science' by those who favor fracking. These strategies as they play out in the media serve to spread uncertainty, heighten cynicism, and undermine public confidence in science. An understanding of science as incomplete and cumulative, however, lends itself to the precautionary principle.

In this paper we examine the question of how rural communities adapt to global processes of urbanisation and economic restructuring. We do this through a visual and historical case study analysis of Cooperstown, New York. This location is selected because it is a self-proclaimed 'perfect village' and by many counts a successful tourist destination. The impact on this community is examined using theoretical concepts that include urbanormativity, rural representations, rural simulacra, and the community capitals framework. We conclude that rural communities may risk sacrificing local qualities in order to appeal to externally imposed urban expectations for a rural experience.

IntroductionChapter 1: Urbanization, Urbanormativity, and Place-StructurationChapter 2: Critical Concepts for Studying Communities and their Built EnvironmentsChapter 3: Historic Hartwick: Reading Civic Character in a Living LandscapeChapter 4: Stigma, Reputation, and Place StructurationChapter 5: 'Taking the Cure:' The Rural as a Place of health and Wellbeing in New York State during the Late 1800's and early 1900'sChapter 6: Minority Groups and the Informal Economy: English Speakers in Quebec's Eastern TownshipsChapter 7: Eaten Up: Urban Foraging and Rural IdentityChapter 8: Fracture LinesCh

This paper offers a meta‐analysis that traces the contested meaning and use of social capital in sociological research over the last 18 years by focusing on journal article definitions. We identify six common definitions in use that closely correspond to the original—and in some cases, independent—formulations offered by Hanifan, Putnam, Coleman, Bourdieu, and Granovetter. Drawing from Kuhnian theory, we contend that these definitions illuminate deep divisions between those who understand social capital as a normative "cure‐all" (Portes 1998)—in the tradition of Hanifan, Putnam, and Coleman —and those who view it as a resource—in the tradition of Bourdieu and Granovetter—that may be used to create or maintain social inequality. The transition of social capital from preparadigm to paradigm status may potentially involve an integration of these approaches, but this will require greater consideration of power and inequality on the part of normative theorists, who are currently dominating the debate.

"In Big Rural, Crystal Cook Marshall unveils the rural not as wild and unknowable but as measured and intervened-in as big cities, deserving of conceptual rethinking and fresh research, policy, and practical approaches for the benefit of both their citizens and their environments."