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Der Beitrag skizziert die Theorie der Positionierung als eine – vor allem auf Konflikte fokussierende – Diskursanalyse von Interaktionen. Darüber hinaus wird dieser Ansatz für die Erforschung virtueller Umgebungen als einem neuen Anwendungsbereich bzw. Forschungsfeld für die Sozialwissenschaften fruchtbar gemacht. Der Beitrag geht dabei in folgenden Schritten vor: Zuerst werden aus sozialpsychologischer Sicht die wichtigen Aspekte von Konflikten thematisiert. Daraufhin folgt eine Darstellung virtueller Umgebungen als sozialwissenschaftliche Analysefelder. Als Drittes wird die Verbindung der Theorie der Positionierung und ihrer FOUCAULTschen Fundamente und Bezüge entfaltet, um deren Angemessenheit und Verwendbarkeit für die Analyse konflikthafter Interaktionssituationen zu beurteilen. Als empirisches Anwendungsbeispiel hierfür dient die Analyse von Interaktionssequenzen in einer spezifischen virtuellen Umgebung, dem Studierendenforum Humanitats i Filologia Catalana an der Universität Oberta de Catalunya (UOC). Mithilfe der Theorie der Positionierung können die Effekte, die konflikthafte Interaktionssequenzen auf die Konstitution der Gemeinschaft haben, in der sie auftreten, verstanden und erklärt werden.

Chapters of history of Chilean women, 19th and 20th centuries. His social and political performance at different times in the country's history

This paper puts forward that the massive use of protocols in biomedicine has created a new kind of materiality for pathology. This is very well depicted by the notion of 'potential object' coined by A.N.Whitehead. Potential objects are a complete and heterogeneous ordering of life. We will call to these orderings, resulting from the shaping of such potential objects, regimes of vitality. They establish different scales of life, actors and the relation between them in biomedical activity. Moreover, they define the temporality in the medical processes, the correct articulation between normality and abnormality and, finally, they produce a set of motility conditions for individuals. Based on a research about protocols on cancer, telecare and epidemics we will pose that movement is inseparable from the "truth" that always appears in the regimes of vitality. In this sense, we will also pose that biomedicine has remove our concern about movement from the political and individual sphere and has put it in the sphere of health and normativity of science. In a nutshell, biomedicine has transformed mobility into correct-and-healthy-movement. ; El texto plantea que la masiva protocolarización de la biomedicina ha creado una nueva materialidad para la patología. Ésta es caracterizada a partir de la noción de "objeto potencial" que acuñó A.N.Whitehead. Los objetos potenciales constituyen una completa y heterogénea ordenación de la vida. A tales órdenes resultantes de la aparición de un objeto potencial se les denomina "regímenes de vitalidad". Éstos se caracterizan por establecer las diferentes escalas de la vida en la actividad médica, la temporalidad de los procesos médicos, por establecer el tipo de relación entre normalidad y anormalidad y, finalmente, por generar un conjunto de condiciones de motilidad para los individuos. A partir de una serie de investigaciones sobre los protocolos médicos del cáncer de mama, los que rigen emergencias sanitarias como las epidemias o implementan la teleasistencia sostendremos que el movimiento es indisociable del juego de verdad que ofrecen los regímenes de vitalidad. También argüiremos que la biomedicina, al hacer lo anterior, ha sustraído la preocupación por el movimiento del plano individual e incluso político y lo ha vinculado con el de la salud, lo científicamente prescriptible y normativo. En suma, ha transformado la movilidad en buen-y-sano-movimiento.

This article belongs to the Special Issue Nursing Research. ; [Background] In-hospital mortality is a key indicator of the quality of care. Studies so far have demonstrated the influence of patient and hospital-related factors on in-hospital mortality. Currently, new variables, such as nursing workload or the level of dependency, are being incorporated. We aimed to identify which individual, clinical and hospital characteristics are related to hospital mortality. ; [Methods] A multicentre prospective observational study design was used. Sampling was conducted between February 2015 and October 2017. Patients over 16 years, admitted to medical or surgical units at 11 public hospitals in Andalusia (Spain), with a foreseeable stay of at least 48 h were included. Multivariate regression analyses were performed to analyse the data. ; [Results] The sample consisted of 3821 assessments conducted in 1004 patients. The mean profile was that of a male (52%), mean age of 64.5 years old, admitted to a medical unit (56.5%), with an informal caregiver (60%). In-hospital mortality was 4%. The INICIARE (Inventario del Nivel de Cuidados Mediante Indicadores de Clasificación de Resultados de Enfermería) scale yielded an adjusted odds ratio [AOR] of 0.987 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.97–0.99) and the nurse staffing level (NSL) yielded an AOR of 1.197 (95% CI: 1.02–1.4). ; [Conclusion] Nursing care dependency measured by INICIARE and nurse staffing level was associated with in-hospital mortality. ; This research was funded by Health Ministry of the Andalusian Regional Government, grant number (PI-0045/2016).

Background: The increasing dependence care in patients hospitalized in acute hospitals around the world entails classification systems heeding the wide range of care dependency levels generated by the many different types of dependent patients. This article is a report of a study assessing the validity and reliability of a short-from version of the instrument (Inventario del NIvel de Cuidados mediante Indicadores de Resultados de Enfermería (INICIARE)) used to classify inpatients according to their care dependency level. Methods: The validation, carried out in a multicenter longitudinal study, included three different samples: the first sample of 1800 patients to evaluate the reliability and validity, a second of 762 patients for confirmatory factor analysis, and a third of 762 to test the short-form version. Patients over 16 years of age, admitted to medical or surgical units at 11 public hospitals, were included. Results: The final sample included 3605 patients. Patients had a mean age of 64.5 years, 60% were admitted to medical units, with severe dependency. The validation process yielded two versions of the instrument: a 40-item version, with eight factors with 83.6% of total variance explained and Cronbach's alpha values between 0.98 and 0.92, and a short-form with 26 items, with five factors and Cronbach's alpha values between 0.96 and 0.90. The Confirmatory Factor Analysis yielded a good fit model to the 40-item version (Chi Square on Degrees of Freedom CMIN/DF) = 1.335; Normed Fit Index (NFI); Tucker-Lewis Index (TLI); Comparative Fit Index (CFI) > 0.90; Standardized Residual Root Mean Square (RMSEA) = 0.02; and Standardized Residual Root Mean Square (SRMR) = 0.027) and 26-item version (Chi Square on Degrees of Freedom CMIN/DF = 1.385; NFI = 0.998; CFI = 0.999; RMSEA = 0.02; and SRMR 0.02). Both INICIARE versions obtained a high correlation between them (r = 0.96; p < 0.001). Conclusion: INICIARE has proved to be a valid and reliable instrument for the assessment of the level of care dependency of acutely hospitalized patients. ; This research was funded by Health Ministry of the Andalusian Regional Government, grant number (PI-0045/2016). ; Yes

This article belongs to the Special Issue Instruments for Measuring Health. ; [Background] The increasing dependence care in patients hospitalized in acute hospitals around the world entails classification systems heeding the wide range of care dependency levels generated by the many different types of dependent patients. This article is a report of a study assessing the validity and reliability of a short-from version of the instrument (Inventario del NIvel de Cuidados mediante Indicadores de Resultados de Enfermería (INICIARE)) used to classify inpatients according to their care dependency level. ; [Methods] The validation, carried out in a multicenter longitudinal study, included three different samples: the first sample of 1800 patients to evaluate the reliability and validity, a second of 762 patients for confirmatory factor analysis, and a third of 762 to test the short-form version. Patients over 16 years of age, admitted to medical or surgical units at 11 public hospitals, were included. ; [Results] The final sample included 3605 patients. Patients had a mean age of 64.5 years, 60% were admitted to medical units, with severe dependency. The validation process yielded two versions of the instrument: a 40-item version, with eight factors with 83.6% of total variance explained and Cronbach's alpha values between 0.98 and 0.92, and a short-form with 26 items, with five factors and Cronbach's alpha values between 0.96 and 0.90. The Confirmatory Factor Analysis yielded a good fit model to the 40-item version (Chi Square on Degrees of Freedom CMIN/DF) = 1.335; Normed Fit Index (NFI); Tucker–Lewis Index (TLI); Comparative Fit Index (CFI) > 0.90; Standardized Residual Root Mean Square (RMSEA) = 0.02; and Standardized Residual Root Mean Square (SRMR) = 0.027) and 26-item version (Chi Square on Degrees of Freedom CMIN/DF = 1.385; NFI = 0.998; CFI = 0.999; RMSEA = 0.02; and SRMR 0.02). Both INICIARE versions obtained a high correlation between them (r = 0.96; p < 0.001). ; [Conclusion] INICIARE has proved to be a valid and reliable instrument for the assessment of the level of care dependency of acutely hospitalized patients. ; This research was funded by Health Ministry of the Andalusian Regional Government, grant number (PI-0045/2016).

This work has been financed by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain (www.isciii.es) and Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER), from the European Union, through the research grants PI15/00794, PI18/00826, CPII15/00032 (P.A.), and PI15/02015 (F.M.). P.A. is supported by the Consejería de Salud, Junta de Andalucía through the contract "Nicolás Monardes" (C-0013-2018). A. B. C-G. was supported by the Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnología, through the contract PEJ-2014-A-46314. This work was also supported by the Agencia Estatal de Investigación (AEI) [MICINN/Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER) (SAF-2016-75286-R to R.R.), ISCIII/FEDER [Miguel Servet Program (CPII16/00049 to R.R.), Sara Borrell Program (CD16/00103 to S-T.M.) and Consorcio CIBERONC (CB16/12/00390)]. For its collaboration, we want to acknowledge the Principado de Asturias BioBank (PT17/0015/0023), financed jointly by Servicio de Salud del Principado de Asturias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III and Fundación Bancaria Cajastur and integrated in the Spanish National Biobank Network. ; Carrillo-Gálvez, A.B., Quintero, J.E., Rodríguez, R., Menéndez, S.T., Victoria González, M., Blanco-Lorenzo, V., Allonca, E., de Araújo Farias, V., González-Correa, J.E., Erill-Sagalés, N., Martínez-Zubiaurre, I., Hellevik, T., Sánchez-Hernández, S., Muñoz, P., Zurita, F., Martín, F., Rodríguez-Manzaneque, J.C., Anderson, P.

Sarcomas are mesenchymal cancers with poor prognosis, representing about 20% of all solid malignancies in children, adolescents, and young adults. Radio- and chemoresistance are common features of sarcomas warranting the search for novel prognostic and predictive markers. GARP/LRRC32 is a TGF-β-activating protein that promotes immune escape and dissemination in various cancers. However, if GARP affects the tumorigenicity and treatment resistance of sarcomas is not known. We show that GARP is expressed by human osteo-, chondro-, and undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcomas and is associated with a significantly worse clinical prognosis. Silencing of GARP in bone sarcoma cell lines blocked their proliferation and induced apoptosis. In contrast, overexpression of GARP promoted their growth in vitro and in vivo and increased their resistance to DNA damage and cell death induced by etoposide, doxorubicin, and irradiation. Our data suggest that GARP could serve as a marker with therapeutic, prognostic, and predictive value in sarcoma. We propose that targeting GARP in bone sarcomas could reduce tumour burden while simultaneously improving the efficacy of chemo- and radiotherapy. ; Instituto de Salud Carlos III ; European Union (EU) PI15/00794 PI18/00826 CPII15/00032 PI15/02015 ; Junta de Andalucía C-0013-2018 ; Spanish Government PEJ-2014-A-46314 ; Agencia Estatal de Investigación (AEI) [MICINN/Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER)] SAF-2016-75286-R ; ISCIII/FEDER [Miguel Servet Program] CPII16/00049 ; ISCIII/FEDER [Sara Borrell Program] CD16/00103 ; Servicio de Salud del Principado de Asturias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III PT17/0015/0023 ; Fundación Bancaria Cajastur PT17/0015/0023 ; ISCIII/FEDER [Consorcio CIBERONC] CB16/12/00390

Multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have emerged as a promising cell therapy in regenerative medicine and for autoimmune/inflammatory diseases. However, a main hurdle for MSCs-based therapies is the loss of their proliferative potential in vitro. Here we report that glycoprotein A repetitions predominant (GARP) is required for the proliferation and survival of adipose-derived MSCs (ASCs) via its regulation of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) activation. Silencing of GARP in human ASCs increased their activation of TGF-β which augmented the levels of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS), resulting in DNA damage, a block in proliferation and apoptosis. Inhibition of TGF-β signaling reduced the levels of mtROS and DNA damage and restored the ability of GARP-/low ASCs to proliferate. In contrast, overexpression of GARP in ASCs increased their proliferative capacity and rendered them more resistant to etoposide-induced DNA damage and apoptosis, in a TGF-β-dependent manner. In summary, our data show that the presence or absence of GARP on ASCs gives rise to distinct TGF-β responses with diametrically opposing effects on ASC proliferation and survival. ; This work has been financed by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain (www.isciii.es) and Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER), from the European Union, through the research grants PI15/00794, PI18/00826, and the contract CPII15/00032 (P.A), PI15/02015, PI18/00337, and ISCIII Red de Terapia Celular (RD12/0019/0006) (F.M.). P.A. is supported by the Consejería de Salud - Junta de Andalucía through the contract "Nicolás Monardes (C-0013-2018). F.M. is supported by the Fundación Progreso y Salud (Consejería de Salud—Junta de Andalucía). A.B.C.-G. is supported by the Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnología, through the contract PEJ-2014-A-46314. V.A. is funded by the L'Oréal-UNESCO For Women In Science Program. V.R.-M. is supported by a Miguel Servet II contract FIS/FEDER (CPII17/00032) and ISCIII/FEDER PI17/01574. S.G-P. is supported by a Miguel Servet I contract FIS/FEDER (CP14/00197). P.M. is supported by the Fundación Andaluza Progreso y Salud (Consejería de Salud—Junta de Andalucía). ; Yes