Suchergebnisse

In Panama, gender studies increased during the two last decades of XX century. An Institute of Women was established at the University of Panama in the last decade ofsecond Gender graduate studies multiplied there. However, gender inequalities appear in attitudes of depreciation and ìnvisibìlity ofuniversity women. Se:-:ist cultural patterns prevail in universities and society. Therefore, affirmative politics tending to gender equity and strengthenìog ofgender consciousness inuniversity Women must be fostered. ; Se comprueba que el interés por los estudios sobre la mujer se ìncrernenta a partir de las dos últimas décadas el siglo veinte en Panamá. En el último decenio del siglo pasado se establece el instituto de la Mujer en la Universidad de Panamá. Se multiplican los postgrados Y las maestrías con enfoque de género en la educacion superior. Sin embargo, persisten las desigualdades entre los sexos que se traducen en situaciones de desvalorizacion y de ilnvìsìbilización respecto de las mujeres universitarias. Prevalecen patrones culturales sexistas en las universidades jr la sociedad. Por consiguiente, es fundamental establecer políticas afirmativas de equidad de género y fortalecer la conciencia de genero de las universitarias.

6 páginas, 5 ilustraciones, 6 referencias. ; Se realizó un estudio sobre el impacto de los usos actuales en la calidad del agua en la subcuenca del río Jucuapa, Matagalpa, Nicaragua. Se seleccionaron puntos de contaminación en las haciendas cafetaleras, en afluentes de la parte alta de la subcuenca. Se hicieron muestreos mensuales durante los meses de febrero, marzo y abril del 2002, antes y después de la descarga de contaminantes. Se evaluaron variables físico-químicas como temperatura, pH, conductividad eléctrica, sólidos sedimentables, demanda biológica de oxígeno, demanda bioquímica de oxígeno y nitrógeno amoniacal, y bacteriológicas como coliformes fecales en fuentes de abastecimiento de agua potable. Los resultados de los indicadores físico-químicos demuestran una reducción de la calidad del agua en febrero en la Hacienda Los Angeles, lo cual manifiesta la presencia de contaminantes orgánicos (pH 5,41, DBO 84,88 mg/L y DQO 213,82 mg/L). Los otros puntos evaluados no parecen haber sido afectados por contaminantes. También se evaluó la percepción de la población local, instituciones gubernamentales y no gubernamentales sobre la calidad del agua. Si bien los pobladores tienen un conocimiento general sobre el estado actual del río Jucuapa, hay poca conciencia ambiental y poco conocimiento sobre el impacto y consecuencias de las actividades que se realizan en la subcuenca. ; A study was carried out to determine the impacts of current uses over water quality in the sub-watershed of Jucuapa River, Matagalpa, Nicaragua. Several pollution sources were located upstream in coffee haciendas with human settlements. A monthly monitoring was undertaken during February, March, and April 2002, before and after the discharge of pollutants. The following physical-chemical variables were measured: Temperature, pH, electric conductivity, sedimentable solids, biological demand of oxygen, biochemical demand of oxygen, and ammoniac nitrogen. In addition, the presence of faecal coliforms on drinkable water sources was determined. In February, the physical-chemical indicators showed a reduction of water quality in Hacienda Los Angeles with a decrease of pH to 5,41, and increases of DBO 84,88 mg/L, and DQO 213,82 mg/L. These results confirm the presence of organic pollution produced by the coffee activities. The other points evaluated did not show water quality decreasing. Perceptions of local population, governmental and non-governmental organizations about water quality were also analyzed. People have a general knowledge about the current situation; however, environmental awareness and knowledge about the impact and consequences of current activities in the sub-watershed are deficient. Slight inter-institutional coordination impedes a correct management of water resources in the zone.

The article of record as published may be found at http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor.2007.06.040 ; We introduce in this work an extension of the model of games with probabilistic graphs arising in Calvo et al. (1999, Math. Soc. Sci. 37, 79), which itself generalizes the one developed by Myerson (1977, Math. of Oper. Res. 2, 225) for games with communications restrictions. In the first of these models, each pair of nodes has a given probability of direct communication. In this paper a more general setting is considered: we suppose that a probability distribution over the set of all possible communication networks among the players is given. A generalization of the Myerson value is defined and characterized in this context. ; Plan Nacional de I+D+i of the Spanish Government ; Plan Nacional de I+D+i project MTM2005-09184-C02-01

We study ratios of azimuthal-angle distributions in Mueller–Navelet jets after imposing a rapidity veto constraint: the minijet radiation activity is restricted to only allow final-state partons separated at least a distance in rapidity b. It is well-known that the asymptotic growth with the rapidity separation of the two tagged jets of the NLLA BFKL Green's function requires a value of b≃O(2) in order to avoid unphysical cross sections. We further investigate this point from a phenomenological point of view and work out those values of b which best fit angular distributions measured at the LHC in a realistic set-up where impact factors and parton distribution effects are also taken into account. ; This work was supported by the Spanish Research Agency (Agencia Estatal de Investigación) through the grant IFT Centro de Excelencia Severo Ochoa SEV-2016-0597. GC and ASV acknowledge support from the Spanish Government grants FPA2015-65480-P, FPA2016-78022-P. DGG is supported with a fellowship of the international programme 'La Caixa-Severo Ochoa'. FGC acknowledges support from the Italian Foundation "Angelo della Riccia".

Gas scrubbing sludge (SS) and fine dust of converters (SC) are wastes generated in the off-gas cleaning system of smelting and converting processes. Both wastes are considered hazardous materials due to their high metal contents and leaching characteristics. The main purpose of this study was to gain essential knowledge on the recovery of valuable elements contained in these wastes. Thus, an exhaustive characterization was carried out to determine the composition, mineral phases, particle size, and leachability of both wastes (SS and SC) as a preliminary step to select the most appropriate applications and treatment for them. These wastes are composed of fine particles (~ 95% 20%) as anglesite (PbSO4), while SS presents a high concentration of Se (34%), which is mainly identified as metallic selenium. Therefore, these residues could be used as secondary sources of Pb and Se. The recovery of Se by roasting process and Pb recovery by hydrometallurgical route seem to be the best options for the management of these wastes. ; This research was supported by the Atlantic Cop -per company project "Characterization of wastes from copper smelt-ing and evaluation of potential applications" and partially supported by the Spanish Government Department of Science and Technology (MINECO) through the project with reference: CTM2015-68628-R

31 pages, 1 table, 1 figure.-- Other authors: Afinos Study Group.-- Provisional PDF. ; Background Prior studies addressing the impacts of regular physical activity or sedentary habits on the immune system have been conducted in adults and laboratory settings. Thus, it is practically unknown how a healthy active lifestyle could affect low-grade inflammation processes, infections or allergies in young persons. The AFINOS Study was designed to determine the relationship between the regular physical activity levels of adolescents and overweight, infection, and allergies along with the presence of metabolic and immunological biomarkers of a deteriorated health status. A further objective of the AFINOS Study is to assess the health status and lifestyle habits of an adolescent population in an effort to identify any protective factors that could be used as preventive measures, since many chronic diseases and their associated co-morbidities often persist from adolescence into adulthood. ; Methods This study was conducted as three separate sub-studies in three different populations as follows: (a) Study 1 was performed on a population sample of adolescents; (b) Study 2 on the adolescents' parents; and (c) Study 3 on a subset of the adolescents from Study 1. Study 1 assessed health and lifestyle indicators through a questionnaire administered to a representative sample of adolescents from the Madrid Region (n = 2400) aged 13 to 16 years. In Study 2, the parents of the teenagers participating in Study 1 were required to fill out a questionnaire. Finally in Study 3, body composition, physical activity, health-related physical fitness, and blood measurements were determined in a subset (n = 200) of the individuals included in Study 1. ; Discussion This paper describes the rationale, design, and methodologies used in the AFINOS Study. This multidisciplinary, multicenter study seeks to evaluate several aspects of existing relationships between routine physical activity/sedentary behaviour and several health status markers, specifically those related to the immune system. The results of this cross-sectional study will serve for comparisons with the available data obtained in laboratory settings and in adults. In addition, knowledge regarding the health status and lifestyle habits of Spanish adolescents and their parents will be useful for designing preventive measures. ; The AFINOS Study is supported by grant DEP2006-56184-C03-01-02-03/PREV from the Spanish Ministry of Education and Science and co-funded by FEDER funds from European Union. DMG was supported by a scholarship from the Spanish Ministry of Education and Science AP2006-02464. ; Peer reviewed

Glutathione is the most abundant thiol in the vast majority of organisms and is maintained in its reduced form by the flavoenzyme glutathione reductase. In this work, we describe the genetic and functional analysis of the Caenorhabditis elegans gsr-1 gene that encodes the only glutathione reductase protein in this model organism. By using green fluorescent protein reporters we demonstrate that gsr-1 produces two GSR-1 isoforms, one located in the cytoplasm and one in the mitochondria. gsr-1 loss of function mutants display a fully penetrant embryonic lethal phenotype characterized by a progressive and robust cell division delay accompanied by an aberrant distribution of interphasic chromatin in the periphery of the cell nucleus. Maternally expressed GSR-1 is sufficient to support embryonic development but these animals are short-lived, sensitized to chemical stress and have increased mitochondrial fragmentation and lower mitochondrial DNA content. Furthermore, the embryonic lethality of gsr-1 worms is prevented by restoring GSR-1 activity in the cytoplasm but not in mitochondria. Given the fact that the thioredoxin redox systems are dispensable in C. elegans, our data support a prominent role of the glutathione reductase/glutathione pathway in maintaining redox homeostasis in the nematode. ; Some strains were provided by the CGC, which is funded by NIH Office of Research Infrastructure Programs (P40 OD010440) and by the Japanese National Bioresource Project. We thank Cristina Cecchi, Amir Shapir, Paul Sternberg, Bart Braeckman, Chris Link, Simon Tuck, Keith Blackwell, José López-Barneo and LivOn Labs for strains and chemicals, Katie McCallum and Danielle Garsin for their help with skn-1 experiments and Elizabeth Veal and Michel Toledano for critical reading of the manuscript. Prof. Rafael Fernández-Chacón is deeply acknowledged for his continuous support. AMV was supported by grants from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (BFU2015-64408-P) and the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (PI11/00072, cofinanced by the Fondo Social Europeo) and is a member of the GENIE and EU-ROS Cost Action of the European Union. NJS was supported by a grant from the US National Institutes of Health National Institute for Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (AR-054342). CJG was funded by a Doctoral Training Studentship provided by the University of Nottingham. PA was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (BFU2013-42709P). JC is a member of the GENIE Cost action and was funded by Rioja Salud Foundation (Onco-2-2015). ; Peer Reviewed