Suchergebnisse

The monetary system as an evolutionary construct / Georgina M. Gómez -- Monetary plurality in economic theory / Jérôme Blanc, Ludovic Desmedt, Laurent Le Maux, Jaime Marques-Pereira, Pepita Ould-Ahmed and Bruno Théret -- Making sense of the plurality of money : a Polanyian attempt / Jérôme Blanc -- How does monetary plurality work at the household level? : the division of labour among currencies in Argentina (1998-2005) / Georgina M. Gómez -- Monetary federalism as a concept and its empirical underpinnings in Argentina's monetary history / Bruno Théret -- Famine of cash : why have local monies remained popular throughout human history? / Akinobu Kuroda -- The pervasiveness of monetary plurality in economic crisis and wars / Georgina M. Gómez and Wilko von Prittwitz und Gaffron -- Birth, life and death of a provincial complementary currency from Tucuman, Argentina (1985-2003) / Bruno Théret -- Community currency and sustainable development in hilly and mountainous areas : a case study of forest volunteer activities in Japan / Yoshihisa Miyazaki and Ken-Ichi Kurita -- Sustainable territorial development and monetary subsidiarity / Marie Fare -- Relationship between people's money consciousness and circulation of community currency / Shigeto Kobayashi, Takashi Hashimoto, Ken-ichi Kurita and Makoto Nishibe -- Gaming simulation using electronic community currencies : behavioural analysis of self-versus-community consciousness / Masahiro Mikami and Makoto Nishibe -- For the policy maker : when and how is monetary plurality an option / Georgina M. Gómez

Environmental problems caused by poor management in industries necessitate adopting solutions to limit consumption, conserve resources, reduce pollution and regulate a behavior respectful of people and the environment. Currently organizations are subject to economic, legislative, administrative or public pressures but there is great pressure from interested parties, with all this, the need to implement new ways of business management and integrate environmental variable in your decisions leading to the establishment of an environmental policy. Following this, have noticed some changes in the industry and environment related organizations integrating their environmental management systems such as ISO 14001: 2004 to identify the environmental aspects and their associated impacts and achieving continual improvement in environmental performance. Profrutas Cia. Ltda. Has adopted this management proposal for the benefits that have this tool having an Environmental Management Systems. ; Los problemas ambientales provocados por una mala gestión en las industrias hacen necesario adoptar soluciones para limitar consumos, ahorrar recursos, reducir la contaminación y regular un comportamiento respetuoso con las personas y el ambiente. Actualmente las organizaciones, están sometidas a presiones económicas, legislativas, administrativas o de opinión pública sino también existe una gran presión de las partes interesadas, con todo esto, se desprende la necesidad de implantar nuevas maneras de gestión empresarial integrando la variable ambiental en sus decisiones que conlleven al establecimiento de una política ambiental. A raíz de esta situación, se han notado algunos cambios en la relación industria y ambiente integrando a sus organizaciones sistemas de Gestión Ambiental como la norma ISO 14001:2004 para identificar los aspectos ambientales y sus impactos asociados y lograr un mejoramiento continuo en su desempeño ambiental. Es por ello, Profrutas Cía. Ltda. ha adoptado esta propuesta de gestión por los beneficios que representa el tener esta herramienta como Sistema de Gestión Ambiental.

"'Development' is what most people see as progress in the places where they live and in the ways they live. It has to do with public services, the ways to complain when these are not delivered properly, and the spaces to change power structures. It is related to the economy, the opportunities to access a secure job, a sustainable livelihood and increased welfare while caring for the planet and others. It is also linked to the institutions that allow people to live life well, using resources ethically and doing business responsibly in relation to other communities and future generations. This edited collection examines the interconnections between local governance, economic development and institutions, by focusing on what initiatives work and under what conditions they do so. Based on a variety of theories and empirical data, it presents evidence from current experiences around the world, revealed by researchers across different continents and several generations"--

Grassroots groups depend on dynamic and fluid interactions with high trust to retain their identity. At the same time, a stable structure and division of labour with rules and hierarchies is necessary to sustain their organisation and social influence. The study explores this organisational dilemma by drawing on the category of flexible institutionalisation. It enquires how actors experience this balancing act between spontaneous solidarity and hierarchical structures in the life of the collective. The study focuses on the PUMA complementary currency in Seville, which was the brainchild of a neighbourhood association, a degrowth group and the local community. Puma functioned as a mutual credit system with a passbook and later as a digital wallet. The research presents primary data collected in 2014, 2017 and 2019 and concludes that the institutionalisation of social innovations is purposefully incomplete and regulates spaces of spontaneity and caring to preserve solidarity and identity.

En el presente estudio se utiliza un modelo de alerta temprana sobre posibles crisis o problemas bancarios ("distress"). En esta primera parte se estima varias ecuaciones de regresión múltiple, utilizando datos de panel con informaciones financieras de la banca. La importancia de este estudio está en poner a disposición de las autoridades y de los académicos una herramienta, que al mismo tiempo que permita analizar la interacción de las variables macroeconómicas, aspectos específicos de las operaciones bancarias, y ciertas características del sistema, muestre indicaciones tempranas de posibles problemas bancarios. Los resultados obtenidos permiten señalar que existe una clara interación entre la composición sectorial de la cartera, la mezcla de depósitos en moneda local y extranjera, el volumen de gastos generales y administrativos, la relación capital sobre el total de activos y el tipo de cambio, en explicar las variaciones en la tasa de morosidad. Una elevada proporción de créditos de consumo y comerciales en la cartera de los bancos luce asociada con una menor tasa de morosidad; mientras que lo contrario se aplica a créditos a la construcción.

Better, swifter and more responsive international coordination is needed within our global financial system for the containment of the pandemic and its effects. This requires better international tax coordination with a higher global minimum corporate tax, comprehensive coverage of sectors and firms, inclusion of all current tax havens and more generous redistribution of excess profits to developing nations based on user location. There also needs to be a more substantial and easier-to-access mechanism for debt relief and restructuring, one that generously suspends debt payments in periods of crises and provides financial support without strict and painful conditionalities.

© 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). ; Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine the association between active transportation and obesity indicators in adults from eight Latin American countries. Methods: Data from the ELANS study, an observational multi-country study (n: 8336; 18-65 years), were used. Active transportation (walking and cycling) and leisure time physical activity was assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (long version). The obesity indicators considered were: body mass index, and waist and neck circumference. Results: In the total sample, the average time dedicated to active transportation was 24.3 min/day, with the highest amount of active transportation being Costa Rica (33.5 min/day), and the lowest being Venezuela (15.7 min/day). The countries with the highest proportion of active transportation were Ecuador (71.9%), and the lowest was Venezuela (40.5%). Results from linear regression analyses suggest that active transportation was significantly and independently associated with a lower body mass index (β: -0.033; 95% CI: -0.064; -0.002), but not with waist circumference (β: -0.037; 95% CI: -1.126; 0.390 and neck circumference (β: -0.007; 95% CI: -0.269; 0.130). Conclusions: Active transportation is significantly associated with a lower body mass index. Governments should incentivize this type of transportation as it could help to reduce the obesity pandemic in Latin America. ; info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine the association between active transportation and obesity indicators in adults from eight Latin American countries. Methods: Data from the ELANS study, an observational multi-country study (n: 8336; 18–65 years), were used. Active transportation (walking and cycling) and leisure time physical activity was assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (long version). The obesity indicators considered were: body mass index, and waist and neck circumference. Results: In the total sample, the average time dedicated to active transportation was 24.3 min/day, with the highest amount of active transportation being Costa Rica (33.5 min/day), and the lowest being Venezuela (15.7 min/day). The countries with the highest proportion of active transportation were Ecuador (71.9%), and the lowest was Venezuela (40.5%). Results from linear regression analyses suggest that active transportation was significantly and independently associated with a lower body mass index (β: −0.033; 95% CI: −0.064; −0.002), but not with waist circumference (β: −0.037; 95% CI: −1.126; 0.390 and neck circumference (β: −0.007; 95% CI: −0.269; 0.130). Conclusions: Active transportation is significantly associated with a lower body mass index. Governments should incentivize this type of transportation as it could help to reduce the obesity pandemic in Latin America.