Suchergebnisse

The U.S. colonization of northern Mexico and the creation of Mexican Americans -- Where Mexicans fit in the new American racial order -- How a fragile claim to whiteness shaped Mexican Americans' relations with Indians and African Americans -- Manifest destiny's legacy: race in America at the turn of the twentieth century

The late 1970s witnessed the popularization of the term "Hispanic" to refer to Mexican-Americans and other ethnic groups of Latin American origin in the USA. Based on interviews of a dozen Mexican-American elected officials and representatives of major policy organizations in 1985 and 1986, the author examines the attitudes of Mexican-American political elites toward the Hispanic label

AbstractSocial change is built on paradigms and models. A paradigm needs an operational action model to successfully implement the paradigm, and an operational model needs a paradigm to give it credibility and content. This article describes the Quality of Life Supports Model (QOLSM) as a major pathway for applying the quality of life (QOL) paradigm. The QOLSM integrates the concepts of QOL and individualized supports. The article describes and illustrates: (a) the four elements of the QOLSM (core values, individual and family QOL domains, systems of supports, and facilitating conditions); and (b) the use of the QOLSM in the field of intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDDs) as a framework for supports provision. The article also discusses how the QOLSM represents a value‐based and actionable model that should be effective for solving problems regarding services and supports to people with IDD, developing new knowledge, making meaningful change, being evaluated, and contributing both theoretically and operationally to the field.

AbstractHealth represents the dynamic balance of physical, mental, social, and existential well‐being in adapting to conditions of life and the environment. Health is essential for the quality of life (QoL) of all individuals, including those with intellectual disability (ID). People with ID experience health inequities and barriers to quality health care that must be addressed to foster the QoL of this population. This paper illustrates how poor health negatively impacts each of the eight domains of the QoL model proposed by Shalock and Verdugo (2002) (e.g., health conditions limit work performance, decreasing opportunities for personal development and self‐determination). Suggestions for healthcare practices and behaviors that would improve the quality of healthcare provided to people with ID, and thus their health and QoL, are offered (e.g., engaging people with ID in the medical conversation, talking to them in plain language and without jargon enhances the personal development, self‐determination, interpersonal relationships, and social inclusion domains of QoL). Finally, we suggest actions that people with ID and their families might implement to maximize their health and wellness (e.g., maintaining a healthy lifestyle, and using the health promotion resources provided by disability organizations).

AbstractBackgroundPsychotropic medication is frequently administered to people with intellectual disability with mental health and/or behavioural problems, instead of other non‐pharmacological interventions. This study describes the mental health and behavioural problems of people aging with intellectual disability, their psychotropic medication intake, and the factors contributing to a greater medication intake.MethodThe sample consisted of 991 people with intellectual disability over 45 years. Descriptive statistics and multinominal logistic regression were carried out.ResultsAntipsychotics were the most used psychotropic drug. Older people with mild intellectual disability living in institutions and affected by mental health and behavioural problems were more likely to take larger amounts of psychotropic medication.ConclusionsAntipsychotics continue to be widely used by people with intellectual disability and mental and behavioural health problems, especially those in institutionalised settings. Future research should consider if medication intake could be reduced providing better supports in the community and non‐pharmacological interventions.

Frontmatter -- Contents -- Figures and Tables -- Foreword / Valdez, R. Burciaga -- Preface -- Chapter 1. Introduction: Taking the Social Construction of Race Seriously in Health Disparities Research / Gómez, Laura E. -- Part I.Charting the Problem -- Chapter 2. The Politics of Framing Health Disparities: Markets and Justice / Kahn, Jonathan -- Chapter 3. Looking at the World through "Race"-Colored Glasses: The Fallacy of Ascertainment Bias in Biomedical Research and Practice / Graves, Joseph L. -- Chapter 4. Ethical Dilemmas in Statistical Practice: The Problem of Race in Biomedicine / Kaufman, Jay S. -- Chapter 5. A Holistic Alternative to Current Survey Research Approaches to Race / Garcia, John A. -- Part II. Navigating Diverse Empirical Settings -- Chapter 6. Organizational Practice and Social Constraints: Problems of Racial Identity Data Collection in Cancer Care and Research / Craddock Lee, Simon J. -- Chapter 7 Lessons from Political Science: Health Status and Improving How We Study Race / Sanchez, Gabriel R. / Ybarra, Vickie D. -- Chapter 8. Advancing Asian American Mental Health Research by Enhancing Racial Identity Measures / Iwamoto, Derek Kenji / Kindaichi, Mai M. / Miller, Matthew -- Part III. Surveying Solutions -- Chapter 9. Representing the Multidimensionality of Race in Survey Research / Saperstein, Aliya -- Chapter 10. How Racial-Group Comparisons Create Misinformation in Depression Research: Using Racial Identity Theory to Conceptualize Health Disparities / Helms, Janet E. / Mereish, Ethan H. -- Chapter 11. Jedi Public Health: Leveraging Contingencies of Social Identity to Grasp and Eliminate Racial Health Inequality / Geronimus, Arline T. -- Chapter 12. Contextualizing Lived Race-Gender and the Racialized-Gendered Social Determinants of Health / López, Nancy -- Notes on Contributors -- Index

AbstractThis article describes how rights, the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), and the quality of life (QOL) framework are closely interrelated. Although legislation can be used as a tool for the practical application of QOL principles, QOL assessment information is required to further develop legislation and monitor the fulfillment of laws, policies, and the SDGs. A validated QOL model, which provides a set of concepts that can be one useful way for understanding and assessing QOL, can also function to assess many of the rights and goals promulgated in the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD) and in the SDGs. This article illustrates the overlap between the CRPD, SDGs and QOL using the #Rights4MeToo Scale, a new measurement instrument for people with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD). The instrument's value lies in its potential to: (a) raise awareness about the rights enshrined in the CRPD; (b) design, implement, and evaluate the effectiveness of interventions aimed at facilitating the exercise of those rights and the achievement of the SDGs; and (c) ultimately improve the QOL of people with IDD.