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In this paper, a methodology for estimating the Carbon Footprint of a research project is presented. The methodology aims at helping research teams to foresee the impacts of their research on Global Warming. The methodology is intended for research fields in which energy intensity and Greenhouse Gas Emissions (GHGE) are relevant but researchers are not tackling the problem yet. The methodology aligns with the proposals of the European Union for RRI. In addition, it takes advantage of the existing tools for calculating the Carbon Footprint of products, services and processes like PAS 2050 and ISO 14064-II. Finally, it is tailored to the specificities of the research projects. As a case study, it has been applied to a project aiming at developing proposals for promoting the logistics and connections of a Colombian region: Bolívar. The main GHG emissions are estimated to be due to the augment of road transportation and railway transportation of commodities, in the scenario of highest success. In the scenario of moderate success, the GHG emissions of executing the facilities are relevant and comparable with those of the goods transport. The GHG estimations ex-ante based in the methodology allowed introducing corrective measures for improving the environmental requirements of the research to be done.

[EN] Purpose Construction and demolition waste (C&DW) is the largest waste stream in the European Union (EU) and all over the world. Proper management of C&DW and recycled materials¿including the correct handling of hazardous waste¿can have major benefits in terms of sustainability and the quality of life. The Waste Framework Directive 2008/98/EC aims to have 70% of C&DW recycled by 2020. However, except for a few EU countries, only about 50% of C&DW is currently being recycled. In the present research, the environmental impact of concrete with recycled aggregates and with geopolymer mixtures is analysed. The aim of the present research is to propose a comparative LCA of concrete with recycled aggregates in the context of European politics. Methods Life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology is applied using Simapro© software. A cradle to grave analysis is carried out. The results are analysed based on the database Ecoinvent 3.3 and Impact 2002+. Results Results show that the concrete with 25% recycled aggregates is the best solution from an environmental point of view. Furthermore, geopolymer mixtures could be a valid alternative to reduce the phenomenon of ¿global warming¿; however, the production of sodium silicate and sodium hydroxide has a great environmental impact. Conclusions A possible future implementation of the present study is certainly to carry out an overall assessment and to determine the most cost-effective option among the different competing alternatives through the life cycle cost analysis. ; Colangelo, F.; Gómez-Navarro, T.; Farina, I.; Petrillo, A. (2020). Comparative LCA of concrete with recycled aggregates: a circular economy mindset in Europe. International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment. 25(9):1790-1804. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11367-020-01798-6 ; S ; 1790 ; 1804 ; 25 ; 9 ; Akhtar A, Sarmah (2018) Construction and demolition waste generation and properties of recycled aggregate concrete: a global perspective. J Cleaner Prod 186:262–281 ; Bare JC, Hofstetter P, ...

Decision‐making for sustainable development involves high levels of uncertainty. In the present paper a study about sustainable management of tourism in national parks is presented. A case study approach is applied to coastal national parks (NP) in Venezuela. Tourism can contribute to the sustainability of national parks but currently it is their main cause of environmental impact. The Government of Venezuela and its natural park managers are therefore looking for new sustainable tourism development strategies. To help managers in making decisions about NP sustainability a new multicriteria approach based on the Analytic Network Process (ANP) technique is proposed. ANP provides a more realistic approach for modelling complex situations such as decision making for sustainable tourism management because ANP allows the general study of the quantitative and qualitative explanatory variables and the incorporation of feedback and interdependence relationships among variables. A case study has been carried out with the help of two experts closely related to the 12 coastal NP analyzed and 8 stakeholders of "Los Roques" national park who provided most of the information needed. Santrauka Priimant darnios plėtros sprendimus kyla labai daug neapibrėžtumų. Straipsnyje pateikta darnios nacionalinių parkų turizmo vadybos analizė. Straipsnio tyrimo objektas – Venesuelos pakrantės nacionaliniai parkai. Turizmas gali prisidėti prie nacionalinių parkų darnos didinimo, tačiau šiuo metu jam būdingas tiesiog didelis poveikis aplinkai. Todėl Venesuelos Vyriausybe ir gamtos parku vadovai ieško naujų darnaus turizmo plėtros strategijų. Nacionalinių parkų vadovams straipsnio autoriai siūlo taikyti daugiakriteriniais metodais sukurtą analitinio tinklo proceso (ATP) techniką. Jis padėtų vadovams priimti su nacionaliniu parkų darną susijusius sprendimus. ATP leidžia tikroviškiau modeliuoti tokias sudėtingas situacijas, kaip sprendimų priėmimas darnaus turizmo vadyboje, nes su ATP įmanoma ištirti kiekybinius ir kokybinius kintamuosius, galima įdiegti grįžtamąjį ryši ir tarpusavio ryšius tarp kintamųjų. Ištirtas "Los Roques" nacionalinis parkas. Tyrime dalyvavo ekspertai ir minėto parko darbuotojai, kurie suteikė dauguma reikalingos informacijos. First published online: 10 Feb 2011 Reikšminiai žodžiai:daugiakriterinė sprendimų analizė,analitinis tinklo procesas (ATP),darnus turizmas,darnos rodikliai

Decision‐making for sustainable development involves high levels of uncertainty. In the present paper a study about sustainable management of tourism in national parks is presented. A case study approach is applied to coastal national parks (NP) in Venezuela. Tourism can contribute to the sustainability of national parks but currently it is their main cause of environmental impact. The Government of Venezuela and its natural park managers are therefore looking for new sustainable tourism development strategies. To help managers in making decisions about NP sustainability a new multicriteria approach based on the Analytic Network Process (ANP) technique is proposed. ANP provides a more realistic approach for modelling complex situations such as decision making for sustainable tourism management because ANP allows the general study of the quantitative and qualitative explanatory variables and the incorporation of feedback and interdependence relationships among variables. A case study has been carried out with the help of two experts closely related to the 12 coastal NP analyzed and 8 stakeholders of "Los Roques" national park who provided most of the information needed. Article in English. Venesuelos pakrantės nacionalinių parkų darnaus turizmo strategijų vertinimas ATP metodu Santrauka.Priimant darnios plėtros sprendimus kyla labai daug neapibrėžtumų. Straipsnyje pateikta darnios nacionalinių parkų turizmo vadybos analizė. Straipsnio tyrimo objektas – Venesuelos pakrantės nacionaliniai parkai. Turizmas gali prisidėti prie nacionalinių parkų darnos didinimo, tačiau šiuo metu jam būdingas tiesiog didelis poveikis aplinkai. Todėl Venesuelos Vyriausybe ir gamtos parku vadovai ieško naujų darnaus turizmo plėtros strategijų. Nacionalinių parkų vadovams straipsnio autoriai siūlo taikyti daugiakriteriniais metodais sukurtą analitinio tinklo proceso (ATP) techniką. Jis padėtų vadovams priimti su nacionaliniu parkų darną susijusius sprendimus. ATP leidžia tikroviškiau modeliuoti tokias sudėtingas situacijas, kaip sprendimų priėmimas darnaus turizmo vadyboje, nes su ATP įmanoma ištirti kiekybinius ir kokybinius kintamuosius, galima įdiegti grįžtamąjį ryši ir tarpusavio ryšius tarp kintamųjų. Ištirtas "Los Roques" nacionalinis parkas. Tyrime dalyvavo ekspertai ir minėto parko darbuotojai, kurie suteikė dauguma reikalingos informacijos. Reikšminiai žodžiai:daugiakriterinė sprendimų analizė,analitinis tinklo procesas (ATP),darnus turizmas,darnos rodikliai. First published online: 10 Feb 2011

[EN] Responsible Research and Innovation (RRI) has only lately included environmental sustainability as a key area for the social desirability of research and innovation. That is one of the reasons why just a few RRI projects and proposals include environmental sustainability, and Climate Change (CC) in particular. CC is one of the grand challenges of our time and, thus, this paper contributes to the operationalization of CC prevention in RRI. To this end, the tools employed against CC were identified. Tools originated in corporate social responsibility and sustainable innovation which help to operationalize strategies against CC in RRI practice. Complementarily, the latest proposals by RRI projects and actors related to CC were reviewed. The findings of the document analysis and the web review were arranged in a framework intended for research and innovation that has an indirect but relevant negative impact due to CC. Thus, four main strategies for CC prevention in RRI were determined: a voluntary integration of the aims, a life cycle perspective, open access databases and key performance indicators, and stakeholder management. The article is finished acknowledging diverse barriers hindering the operationalization of CC prevention in RRI, and we introduce future avenues for research in this area. ; This research has been funded by the Spanish Agencia Estatal de Investigacion within the project Propuesta de Indicadores para Impulsar el Diseno de Una Politica Orientada al Desarrollo de Investigacion e Innovacion Responsable en Espana. INPERRI. Grant number (CSO2016-76828-R), and by the "Bolivar Gana con Ciencia" program from the Gobernacion de Bolivar (Colombia). ; Ligardo-Herrera, I.; Gómez-Navarro, T.; Inigo, EA.; Blok, V. (2018). Addressing Climate Change in Responsible Research and Innovation: Recommendations for Its Operationalization. Sustainability. 10(6):1-20. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10062012 ; S ; 1 ; 20 ; 10 ; 6

[EN] Sustainability reports are jointly used as a communication tool of CSR and accountability to all stakeholders and society. However, they receive heavy criticism on both fronts. In light of the im-portance of this practice, a methodology for assessing the communication capabilities of the sustainability reports of companies in the Spanish food sector is developed using the Analytical Network Process (ANP). The results allow identifying weaknesses and opportunities for improvement of these reports, as well as of the relationship of the company with their respective stakeholders ; [ES] Las memorias de sostenibilidad se utilizan, conjuntamente, como una herramienta de comunicación de la RSC y rendición de cuentas a las partes interesadas y a toda la sociedad. No obstante, reciben numerosas críticas en ambos sentidos. Dada su importancia, se desarrolla una metodología de evaluación de la capacidad de comunicación de las memorias de sostenibilidad de las empresas del sector agroalimentario español, utilizando el Proceso Analítico en Red (Analytic Network Process, ANP). Los resultados permiten determinar las debilidades y oportunidades de mejora de cada memoria, así como, de la relación de la empresa con sus respectivos grupos de interés. ; Baviera Puig, MA.; García Martínez, G.; Gómez Navarro, T. (2014). Propuesta metodológica mediante ANP para la evaluación de las memorias de sostenibilidad del sector agroalimentario español. Economía Agraria y Recursos Naturales - Agricultural and Resource Economics. 14(1):81-101. doi:10.7201/earn.2014.01.04 ; S ; 81 ; 101 ; 14 ; 1

265 273 47 ; S ; Small and Medium Sized Enterprises (SME) face barriers to the implementation and development of eco-efficiency that could be overcome taking advantage of the adequate stimuli and incentives. A previous research and a thorough literature analysis show Public Administration (PA) is a key stakeholder. PA could use better its tools to stimulate SME to improve their ecoefficiency. Among these tools it can be named well known command and control tools like legislation or taxes, but also price policies, green procurement, ecological education, eco-innovation support and others. This paper reviews these tools and how they contribute to overcome barriers to ecoefficiency by offering external and internal incentives for SME. The analysis is focused on the case of Venezuelan public administration and SME but it can be generalized to other case studies. In addition, a panel of experts validates the results and assesses the public administration tools by means of the policy Delphi method. The assessment is based on criteria like: market influence, capability of the public administration for controlling results, tool costs, impact on public administration image, timespan to get results, etc. The assessment, therefore, allows ranking and understanding the tools according to their effectiveness and efficiency to support SME to improve their ecoefficiency. Due to the specific characteristics of the case study: SME of Venezuela, the method shows the best mix of public administration tools includes mainly command and control tools. Also the mix includes certain new-approach tools like advertising about responsible consumption and eco-efficient products, or education/training in environmental responsibility. The method also allows understanding better how the tools will help accomplishing the objectives for ecoefficiency of the public administration. Therefore, this research provides a method for raising information to be used when planning the actions to improve eco-efficiency of the SME. Fernández-Viñé, MB.; ...

Small and Medium Sized Enterprises (SME) face barriers to the implementation and development of eco-efficiency that could be overcome taking advantage of the adequate stimuli and incentives. A previous research and a thorough literature analysis show Public Administration (PA) is a key stakeholder. PA could use better its tools to stimulate SME to improve their ecoefficiency. Among these tools it can be named well known command and control tools like legislation or taxes, but also price policies, green procurement, ecological education, eco-innovation support and others. This paper reviews these tools and how they contribute to overcome barriers to ecoefficiency by offering external and internal incentives for SME. The analysis is focused on the case of Venezuelan public administration and SME but it can be generalized to other case studies. In addition, a panel of experts validates the results and assesses the public administration tools by means of the policy Delphi method. The assessment is based on criteria like: market influence, capability of the public administration for controlling results, tool costs, impact on public administration image, timespan to get results, etc. The assessment, therefore, allows ranking and understanding the tools according to their effectiveness and efficiency to support SME to improve their ecoefficiency. Due to the specific characteristics of the case study: SME of Venezuela, the method shows the best mix of public administration tools includes mainly command and control tools. Also the mix includes certain new-approach tools like advertising about responsible consumption and eco-efficient products, or education/training in environmental responsibility. The method also allows understanding better how the tools will help accomplishing the objectives for ecoefficiency of the public administration. Therefore, this research provides a method for raising information to be used when planning the actions to improve eco-efficiency of the SME. ; Fernández-Viñé, MB.; Gómez-Navarro, T.; ...

Given that prioritization of programmes is a key concern in Local Agenda 21 processes, the aim of this paper is to explore how the Analytic Network Process (ANP) can provide greater consistency and legitimacy to prioritization of local action plans. Through the analysis of an experience in the municipality of Benetusser in Spain, the study shows how ANP, by modelling reality as a network of multiple and mutual interrelations, embraces complexity and translates it into a set of operational questionnaires that help participants to reflect on their preferences and think deeply on the real implications of programmes for sustainable development. In the case study, citizens, technical staff and politicians of Benetusser carried out the prioritization process by defining a set of criteria and assessing the programmes in an interrelated way. The experience shows that the ANP procedure not only allows prioritization to be dealt with in an organized and systematic way, but also enables reflective thinking on sustainable development and the role of Local Agenda 21 itself. © 2011 John Wiley and Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment. March 2011 10.1002/sd.514 Research Article Research Articles Copyright © 2011 John Wiley and Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment. ; Peris Peris, J.; García-Melón, M.; Gómez-Navarro, T.; Calabuig Tormo, C. (2013). Prioritizing Local Agenda 21 Programmes using Analytic Network Process: A Spanish Case Study. Sustainable Development. 21(5):338-352. doi:10.1002/sd.514 ; S ; 338 ; 352 ; 21 ; 5

[EN] The European Union advocates for legislative support to local energy communities. Measures include the promotion of dynamic energy allocation and discriminatory electricity tariffs such as the recent Spanish framework. However, the impact of these normative changes is not yet evaluated. This paper inquires into the impact of dynamic allocation coefficient and different electricity tariffs on the profitability of local energy communities. To do so, a linear optimisation model is developed and applied to real consumer data in Spain around a variable capacity photovoltaic generation plant. Comparing the economic performance of the static or variable power allocation under the effect of changing electricity tariffs. While both measures are beneficial, the new electricity tariffs result in larger profitability increases than the planned variable coefficients. The combination of measures allows for profitability improvements of up to 25% being complementary measures. However, installations that maximise the potential for electricity generation are still not as profitable due to the low purchase price of surplus energy. While discriminatory electricity price tariffs and variable allocation coefficients are positive measures, further measures are needed for these communities to install generation plants as large as the potential that each case allows. ; This work was supported in part by the Spanish public administration under the grant FPU2016/00962 and by the Catedra de Transicion Energetica Urbana (Las Naves-FVCiE-UPV) ; Manso-Burgos, Á.; Ribó-Pérez, DG.; Alcázar-Ortega, M.; Gómez-Navarro, T. (2021). Local Energy Communities in Spain: Economic Implications of the New Tariff and Variable Coefficients. Sustainability. 13(19):1055-1073. https://doi.org/10.3390/su131910555 ; S ; 1055 ; 1073 ; 13 ; 19

© 2016 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). ; Sustainability reports are tools for disseminating information to stakeholders and the public, serving the organizations in the dual purpose of communicating CSR and being accountable. The production of these reports has recently become more prevalent in the food industry, despite the fact this practice has received heavy criticism on two fronts: The quality of the tool for communication, and the extent of accountability. In addition to these criticisms, organizations must overcome the additional challenge of publishing sustainability reports that successfully meet the demands of a multi-stakeholder audience. In light of the importance of this practice, this paper presents a method to assess the communication and accountability characteristics of Spanish food companies sustainability reports. This method is based on the method Analytic Network Process (ANP) and adopts a multi-stakeholder approach. This research, therefore, provides a reference model for improving sustainability reports, with the aim of successfully meeting their communication objectives and the demands of all stakeholders. ; Baviera Puig, MA.; Gómez Navarro, T.; García Melón, M.; García Martínez, G. (2015). Assessing the Communication Quality of CSR Reports. A Case Study on Four Spanish Food Companies. Sustainability. 7(8):11010-11031. doi:10.3390/su70811010 ; S ; 11010 ; 11031 ; 7 ; 8 ; Brønn, P. S., & Vrioni, A. B. (2001). Corporate social responsibility and cause-related marketing: an overview. International Journal of Advertising, 20(2), 207-222. doi:10.1080/02650487.2001.11104887 ; Golob, U., & Bartlett, J. L. (2007). Communicating about corporate social responsibility: A comparative study of CSR reporting in Australia and Slovenia. Public Relations Review, 33(1), 1-9. doi:10.1016/j.pubrev.2006.11.001 ...