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We are grateful to Angela Tate for revising the English text. We are also grateful to the reviewers for their insightful suggestions. ; This paper analyzes, through computational simulations, which spectral filters increase the number of discernible colors (NODC) of subjects with normal color vision, as well as red–green anomalous trichromats and dichromats. The filters are selected from a set of filters in which we have modeled spectral transmittances. With the selected filters we have carried out simulations performed using the spectral reflectances captured either by a hyperspectral camera or by a spectrometer. We have also studied the effects of these filters on color coordinates. Finally, we have simulated the results of two widely used color blindness tests: Ishihara and Farnsworth–Munsell 100 Hue (FM100). In these analyses the selected filters are compared with the commercial filters from EnChroma and VINO companies. The results show that the increase in NODC with the selected filters is not relevant. The simulation results show that none of these chosen filters help color vision deficiency (CVD) subjects to pass the set of color blindness tests studied. These results obtained using standard colorimetry support the hypothesis that the use of color filters does not cause CVDs to have a perception similar to that of a normal observer. ; This research was supported by the Spanish State Agency for Research (AEI) and the Ministry for Economy, Industry and Competitiveness (MIMECO) by means of grant number FIS2017-89258-P with European Union FEDER (European Regional Development Funds) support, and by the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation, and Universities, with support from the European Regional Development Funds under grant number RTI2018-094738-B-I00.

The commercialization of EnChroma glasses has generated great expectations for people to be able to see new colors or even correct color vision deficiency (CVD). We evaluate the effectiveness of these glasses using two complementary strategies for the first time. The first consists of using the three classical types of tests — recognition, arrangement and discrimination — with and without glasses, with a high number of individuals. In the second, we use the spectral transmittance of the glasses to simulate the appearance of stimuli in a set of scenes for normal observers and observers with CVD. The results show that the glasses introduce a variation of the perceived color, but neither improve results in the diagnosis tests nor allow the observers with CVD to have a more normal color vision. ; Spanish State Agency of Research (AEI); Ministry for Economy, Industry and Competitiveness (MIMECO) (Grant numbers FIS2017-89258-P and DPI 2015-64571-R); European Union FEDER (European Regional Development Funds).

Ministerio de Economia, Industria y Competitividad, Gobierno de Espana (FIS2017-89258-P). ; There is a belief that observers with color vision deficiencies (CVD) perform better in detecting camouflaged objects than normal observers. Some studies have concluded contradictory findings when studying the performance of normal and CVD observers in the camouflage detection tasks in different conditions. This work presents a literature review on this topic, dividing it into three different and contradictory types of results: better performance for CVD, for normal observers, or same performance. Besides, two psychophysical experiments have been designed and carried out in a calibrated computer monitor on both normal and CVD human observers to measure the searching times of the different types of observers needed to find camouflaged stimuli in two different types of stimuli. Results show the trend that, in our experimental conditions, normal observers need shorter searching times than CVD observers in finding camouflaged stimuli both in images of natural scenes and in images with synthetic stimuli. ; Spanish Government FIS2017-89258-P

The use of blue-blocking filters is increasing in spectacle lens users. Despite the low absorption in the blue range, some users complain about these filters because they affect their color perception. In a pilot study we have evaluated how the long-term use of 8 different blue-blocking filters impact the color perception during more than 2 weeks on a group of 18 normal color vision observers, compared with a control group of 10 observers. The evaluation was done using the FM100, the Color Assessment and Diagnosis (CAD) and an achromatic point measurement. Our results show that there is a trend to worsen with the filters on. ; Junta de Andalucia A-TIC-050-UGR18 ; Spanish Government FIS2017-89258-P RTI2018094738-B-I00

In our ongoing research on the effectiveness of different passive tools for aiding Color Vision Deficiency (CVD) subjects, we have analyzed the VINO 02 Amp Oxy-Iso glasses using two strategies: 1) 52 observers were studied using four color tests (recognition, arrangement, discrimination, and color-naming); 2) the spectral transmittance of the lenses were used to model the color appearance of natural scenes for different simulated CVD subjects. We have also compared VINO and EnChroma glasses. The spectral transmission of the VINO glasses significantly changed color appearance. This change would allow some CVD subjects, above all the deutan ones, to be able to pass recognition tests but not the arrangement tests. To sum up, our results support the hypothesis that glasses with filters are unable to effectively resolve the problems related to color vision deficiency. ; The Spanish State Agency of Research (AEI); the Ministry for Economy, Industry and Competitiveness (MIMECO) (Grant numbers FIS2017-89258-P and DPI 2015-64571-R); European Union FEDER (European Regional Development Funds).