Suchergebnisse

Le Grand Barbe è un rarissimo opuscolo apparso nelle Valli valdesi nel 1666. All'interno della ricca letteratura politica valdese costituisce la sola testimonianza di irriconciliabile dissenso sorto in seno a una comunità, che proprio dalla singolare coesione aveva tratto le forze per assicurarsi la sopravvivenza e far fronte alle periodiche minacce. La formulazione di un'ipotesi plausibile sull'autore del pamphlet è occasione per comprendere i meccanismi che portarono all'affermazione di una figura carismatica come quella dell'eroe bandito Gianavello, nella quale, malgrado la traumaticità di talune scelte, i valdesi delle Valli sono tuttora inclini a riconoscere il modello dei propri più radicati valori. L'indagine, nondimeno, intende costruire un percorso di riflessione intorno all'assetto politico-religioso che i valdesi si erano dati, nel tentativo di valutare quanto questo microcosmo alpino nel secolo XVII fosse partecipe delle dinamiche che percorrevano il mondo riformato. ; The Grand Barbe is a rare pamphlet appeared in 1666 in Waldesian Valleys. Within the waldesian political literature it constitutes the only evidence of an irreconcilable dissent arose inside a community, that exactly from her cohesion had drawn the strengths to ensure survival and face the periodic threats. The formulation of a plausible hypothesis on the pamphlet's author gives the opportunity to understand the affirmation of a charismatic figure like Gianavello, the bandit hero in whom, despite some traumatic choices, still today Waldensians recognize their core values. Thus, the essay intends to build a path of reflection around the Waldesians political and religious asset, trying to evaluate how this alpine microcosm, with its obvious peculiarity, was involved in the common dynamics of the Reformed world during XVII century. KEYWORDS: Waldensians, Calvinism, Gianavello, Social Banditism.

In 1569, Pius v dispatched an expeditionary force to assist the royal armies in the Third War of Religion in France. This was the background against which the Jesuit Antonio Possevino, commissioned by Superior General Francisco de Borja and the militant pope himself, published Il soldato christiano, a short book that outlined a spiritual model of the disciplined soldier, far from previous heroic and aristocratic archetypes. Copies of the catechism were distributed to the officers and chaplains who accompanied the contingent. This essay aims to analyze the conditions in which the papal military intervention in France was conceived and the effects of Jesuit catechesis on the men who made up the papal army, as well as their reactions to this encroachment of "confessionalization" into the profession of arms.

In October 1573, the Spanish army carried out the bloodless conquest of Tunis with a carefully planned operation. The direct government of the city was an unprecedented experiment in the long traditional rule of the Spanish Crown. Having to ensure the power of a heavily armed minority over a larger group of people prone to rebellion, John of Austria (the Younger) experimented with a hybrid type of domination, which while it retained its "African" characteristics needed to be guided by the experiences of American colonization and the way large Italian and Flemish cities were occupied by foreign powers. To prevent tensions, crime or a possible outbreak of fighting, the spaces devoted to each religious group were strictly defined, nearly producing a ghettoisation of the entire urban space. The predisposed solutions, however, failed to ensure the peaceful coexistence between people and the occupying forces; the arrival of the Turkish fleet in 1574 put a bloody end to this experience. The analysis of the ephemeral experiment of Spanish rule in Tunisia leads to a re-discussion of Braudel's paradigm of "limited occupation" and a renewed reflection on the peculiar condition of Spanish presidios in Africa.