Suchergebnisse

Depuis que l'institution de la Croix-Rouge, grâce à la mesure très appréciable dans laquelle elle amoindrit les maux de la guerre, s'est acquis une sympathie universelle, et depuis que la civilisation, dès qu'elle pénètre dans de nouveaux territoires, s'empresse d'y arborer l'étendard de cette œuvre comme indice de l'esprit qui l'anime, il n'est pas rare que des touristes, visitant la ville de Genève où elle a pris naissance, se mettent à la recherche des lieux et des choses qui se rapportent à son origine. Ils pensent sans doute que les habitants, désireux de ne pas laisser perdre le souvenir d'un événement aussi glorieux, l'auront commémoré de quelque manière. Et ils ne se trompent pas, car leur cicerone est à même de satisfaire leur curiosité.

La Convention signée à La Haye le 29 juillet 1899 « pour l'adaptation à la guerre maritime des principes de la Convention de Genève du 22 août 1864 » n'a pas eu seulement pour effet, comme son titre l'indique, de rendre les principes de cette dernière applicables aux guerres navales, car, sur un point du moins, elle a dépassé ce but en proclamant un principe que la conférence de 1864 avait repoussé. L'assemblée revisionniste de 1903 devra donc pourvoir, semble-t-il, au rétablissement de l'harmonie, qui n'aurait pas dû être troublée, entre la règle adoptée en 1864 et celle de 1899 à laquelle nous venons de faire allusion.

8 p. ; Caption title. ; Attributed by Wing to G.M. ; Reproduction of original in the Bodleian Library.

Orientation to ethnography and cognitive ethnography -- Planning and proposing a research project -- The semantic unity of the ethnographic interview -- The natural history the ethnographic interview -- Ethnographic analysis with complex logical-semantic relationships -- Language transcription and translation -- Observation -- Writing the ethnographic report.

A century of industrial development is the briefest of moments in the half billion years of the earth's evolution. And yet our current era has brought greater changes to the earth than any period in human history. The biosphere, the globe's life-giving envelope of air and climate, has been changed irreparably. In A World to Live In, the distinguished ecologist George Woodwell shows that the biosphere is now a global human protectorate and that its integrity of structure and function are tied closely to the human future. The earth is a living system, Woodwell explains, and its stability is threatened by human disruption. Industry dumps its waste globally and makes a profit from it, invading the global commons; corporate interests overpower weak or nonexistent governmental protection to plunder the planet. The fossil fuels industry offers the most dramatic example of environmental destruction, disseminating the heat-trapping gases that are now warming the earth and changing the climate forever. The assumption that we can continue to use fossil fuels and "adapt" to climate disruption, Woodwell argues, is a ticket to catastrophe. But Woodwell points the way toward a solution. We must respect the full range of life on earth -- not species alone, but their natural communities of plant and animal life that have built, and still maintain, the biosphere. We must recognize that the earth's living systems are our heritage and that the preservation of the integrity of a finite biosphere is a necessity and an inviolable human right. -- Provided by publisher.

Does temperature affect economic performance? Has temperature always affected social welfare through its impact on physical and cognitive function? While many studies have explored the indirect links between climate and welfare (e.g. agricultural yield, violent conflict, or sea-level rise), few address the possibility of direct impacts operating through human physiology. This paper presents a model of labor supply under thermal stress, building on a longstanding physiological literature linking thermal stress to health and task performance. A key prediction is that effective labor supply - defined as a composite of labor hours, task performance, and effort - is decreasing in temperature deviations from the biological optimum. We use country-level panel data on population-weighted average temperature and income (1950-2005), to illustrate the potential magnitude of the effect. Using a fixed effects estimation strategy, we find that hotter-than-average years are associated with lower output per capita for already hot countries and higher output per capita for cold countries: approximately 3%-4% in both directions. We then use household data on air conditioning and heating expenditures from the US to provide further evidence in support of a physiologically based causal mechanism. This more direct causal link between climate and social welfare has important implications for both the economics of climate change and comparative development.

"I present a non-technical high-level review the concept of sustainability and the various approaches to quantifying it"--National Bureau of Economic Research web site