Suchergebnisse

THIS ARTICLE EXPLAINS HEIDEGGER'S ATTRACTION TO NATIONAL SOCIALISM THROUGH AN ANALYSIS OF HIS ENCOUNTER WITH THE THOUGHT OF ARISTOTLE. IT SHOWS THAT HE DEVELOPED A VISION OF PRAXIS AND POLITICS ON AN ARISTOTELIAN FOUNDATION THAT HE BELIEVED WOULD REVERSE THE DOMINATION OF THEORY AND TECHNOLOGY IN MODERN LIFE. IT ALSO SHOWS THAT HE BELIEVED THE NAZI MOVEMENT WAS BRINGINGSUCH POLITICS INTO BEING.

THE CRISIS OF MODERN REASON CULMINATES IN FRIEDRICH NIETZSCHE'S PROCLAMATION OF NIHILISM. DRAWING UPON NIETZSCHE, POSTMODERNISTS SUGGEST THAT REASON ITSELF IS DEFECTIVE, WHILE PREMODERNISTS ARGUE THAT MAN CAN REGAIN HIS BALANCE BY RETURNING TO PREMODERN RATIONALISM. HOWEVER, PETER BERKOWITZ SUGGESTS THAT NIETZSCHE IS A CONTRADICTORY THINKER WHO FAILS IN HIS ATTEMPT TO COMBINE ANCIENT RATIONALISM WITH MODERN VOLUNTARISM. THUS, POSTMODERNISM RESTS UPON A DEFECTIVE FOUNDATION. BERKOWITZ'S CRITIQUE OF POSTMODERNISM IS TELLING, BUT HE DOES NOT RECOGNIZE DANGEROUS MILLENARIAN ELEMENTS IN NIETZSCHE'S THOUGHT. MOREOVER, THE CONCEPT OF ANCIENT REASON HE HOLDS UP AS AN ALTERNATIVE IS UNDERDEVELOPED AND UNDIFFERENTIATED.

Agri-environment schemes are programmes where landholders enter into voluntary agreements (typically with governments) to manage agricultural land for environmental protection and nature conservation objectives. Previous work at local scale has shown that these features can provide additional floral and nesting resources to support wild pollinators, which may indirectly increase floral visitation to nearby crops. However, the effect of entire schemes on this important ecosystem service has never previously been studied at national scale. Focusing on four wild pollinator guilds (ground-nesting bumblebees, tree-nesting bumblebees, ground-nesting solitary bees, and cavity-nesting solitary bees), we used a state-of-the-art, process-based spatial model to examine the relationship between participation in agri-environment schemes across England during 2016 and the predicted abundances of these guilds and their visitation rates to four pollinator dependent crops (oilseed rape, field beans, orchard fruit and strawberries). Our modelling predicts that significant increases in national populations of ground-nesting bumblebees and ground-nesting solitary bees have occurred in response to the schemes. Lack of significant population increases for other guilds likely reflects specialist nesting resource requirements not well-catered for in schemes. We do not predict statistically significant increases in visitation to pollinator-dependent crops at national level as a result of scheme interventions but do predict some localised areas of significant increase in bumblebee visitation to crops flowering in late spring. Lack of any significant change in visitation to crops which flower outside this season is likely due to a combination of low provision of nesting resource relative to floral resource by scheme interventions and low overall participation in more intensively farmed landscapes. We recommend future schemes place greater importance on nesting resource provision alongside floral resource provision, better cater for the ...