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A developmental theory of soc & pol'al conflict processes is proposed. Particular attention is given to the integrative consequences of conflict cycles in the development of groups & org's. Conflict cycles between 2 or more adversary parties are initiated & concluded by events of a decisional character. One or more of at least 3 types of substantive topic may be found at issue in all soc conflicts: disagreements about task-expectations of incumbency of the person in the position. These topics relate to structural aspects of org's as such. Conflict cycles are terminated by decisions about one or more of these topics. Sequences of resolving decisions about task-expectations produce a formalization process. Role-performance resolutions produce a soc'ization process. Incumbency resolutions produce an investiture process. A chain of defined terms is presented. The observation of major org'al offices as an econ'al sampling procedure for org'al development studies is suggested, with illustration from a study of the office of Secretary General of the UN. AA.

In what ways may a one-party system advance democratic development? Democratic development requires an understanding of the process of institutionalization and the ways in which institutionalization may be promotive of nonviolent elite competition, even within one-party systems. This directs our attention to the hierarchy of institutionalized organizations and conflict systems that constitute a party system, namely, government, parties, and factions. Although neglected in research on party politics, factions are capable of creating conditions favorable to democratic development, including nonviolent competition among elites, party pluralism, and popular participation in electoral and other institutions of national politics. The centerpiece of factionalism is the party's nominating process, another relatively neglected subject of inquiry. Several principles of institutionalization are suggested by the experience with factionalism in the United States and other nations.