Suchergebnisse

Kurzfassung
Der Beitrag geht der Frage nach, ob eine zu schaffende EU-Rohstoffagentur ein sinnvolles Instrument für die europäische Rohstoffsicherheit darstellt. Grundlegende Voraussetzung hierfür ist, was unter europäischer Rohstoffsicherheit zu verstehen ist und welche Anknüpfungspunkte sich daraus für den Nutzen respektive Mehrwert einer solchen EU-Institution ergeben. Anhand eines Idealmodells werden der mögliche Handlungsauftrag, die organisatorische Verfasstheit, das rechtliche Mandat und die finanzielle Mittelausstattung dargestellt und nach möglichen Vor- und Nachteilen, Zielkonflikten und Umsetzungsherausforderungen bewertet. Da letztlich die Politik über die Sinnhaftigkeit und den Nutzen einer EU-Rohstoffagentur zu entscheiden hat, versteht sich dieser Beitrag als offener Impuls und hypothetische Vorüberlegung in der aktuellen Debatte um Europas multiple Rohstoffherausforderungen.

This is the first book that analyses the future raw materials supply from the demand side of a society that chiefly relies on renewable energies, which is of great significance for us all. It addresses primary and secondary resources and substitution, not only from technical but also socioeconomic and ethical points of view. The "Energiewende" (Energy Transition) will change our consumption of natural resources significantly. When in future our energy requirements will be covered mostly by wind, solar power and biomass, we will need less coal, oil and natural gas. However, the consumption of minerals, especially metallic resources, will increase to build wind generators, solar panels or energy storage facilities. Besides e.g. copper, nickel or cobalt, rare earth elements and other high-tech elements will be increasingly used. With regard to primary metals, Germany is 100 % import dependent; only secondary material is produced within Germany. Though sufficient geological primary resources exist worldwide, their availability on the market is crucial. The future supply of the market is dependent on the development of prices, the transparency of the market and the question of social and ethical standards in the raw materials industry, as well as the social license to operate, which especially applies to mining. The book offers a valuable resource for everyone interested in the future raw material supply of our way of life, which will involve more and more renewable energies.

Was nützt die beste Innovation für eine neue Technik, wenn die dafür notwendigen Rohstoffe entweder unerschwinglich oder erst gar nicht in ausreichender Menge verfügbar sind? Was bedeutet technologische Führerschaft, wenn nicht mehr vorgeführt werden kann, dass neue Ideen auch dem harten Test der Wirklichkeit standhalten? Derartige Fragen provozieren und sind doch keine reinen Gedankenkonstrukte. Schon mehrfach in der Geschichte menschlicher Kulturen sind Gesellschaften an Grenzen gestoßen, die mit der Verfügbarkeit von Ressourcen verbunden waren - und mit ihrer Unfähigkeit, sich rechtzeitig an neue Rahmenbedingungen anzupassen. Strategische Rohstoffe und Risikovorsorge sind ein zentrales Thema unserer Gesellschaft. Dieses Buch behandelt wichtige Aspekte von (mineralischen) Ressourcen. Wie das Beispiel der Elemente der Seltenen Erden zeigt, droht im Bereich der Hochtechnologiemetalle eine Verknappung. Eine Ursache hierfür sind die unterschiedlichen Zeitzyklen für die Rohstoffgewinnung und -erzeugung (Bergbau und Verhüttung) gegenüber der Nachfrage durch Produktherstellung (Produktion und Konsum). Da beide Zyklen weit auseinandergedriftet sind, kommt diesem Phänomen große Beachtung zu. Die Herausgeber des Buches versuchen seit vielen Jahren, den Sachstand zu analysieren und daraus Anregungen und einen Ausblick auf zukünftige Potenziale abzuleiten. Dies kommt ihrer Meinung nach in der üblichen öffentlichen Diskussion eher zu kurz. Dieser Band gliedert sich in vier Teile: I Rohstoffwirtschaft II Primäre Rohstoffe III Sekundäre Rohstoffe und Recycling IV Verarbeitung und Produkte. Herausragende Autoren diskutieren praxisnah das Thema aus unterschiedlichen Blickwinkeln. Dabei sprechen sie sowohl politische Aspekte an, wie die Verfügbarkeit von Rohstoffen und Risikomanagement, als auch das Potenzial alternativer Rohstoffe und vor allem von Recycling. Der Fokus liegt auf den strategischen Elementen, die eine Grundvoraussetzung für "Grüne Technologie" und die "Energiewende" bieten. Interessant ist hierbei die europäische Vorsorge, die Nachfrage nach diesen Metallen zu decken. Wesentliche Fragestellungen, die in diesem Buch Beachtung finden, erstrecken sich von innovativen Methoden über das Auffinden neuer Lagerstätten, Aufbereitung und Verhüttung von Rohstoffen bis zu den Märkten und dem industriellen Einsatz von Hochtechnologiemetallen sowie einem Ausblick in die Zukunft des Bergbaus, Urban Mining und "nachhalti ...

ERECON (2014) Strengthening the European rare earths supply chain: Challengesand policy options. Kooroshy, J., G. Tiess, A. Tukker, and A. Walton (eds.). ; Policy recommendations:1.Maintaining and strengthening the European Rare Earth Elements (REE) skills and knowledge base through research funding, science and technology education and international cooperation.Without cutting-edge research and technical expertise, a European high-tech REE industry cannot flourish. The EC and Member States should support funding for research grants, scholarships, and training networks, and enhance European and international cooperation through coordinated calls, researcher exchanges, and joint high-level conferences.2.Creating the basis for informed decision-making on REEs through a European Critical Materials Observatory.Mapping and monitoring of REE supply chains is necessary for informed decision-making. Expertise in Europe could be pooled in a virtual Critical Materials Observatory that provides the public with consistent and authoritative knowledge on REEs (e.g., information on advanced exploration projects, prices, key demand and supply trends, and the urban mine potential).3.Support promising technologies through funding industry-led pilot plants for innovative HREE processing.The EC, industry and Member States should accelerate the commercialization and scaling up of key technologies through co-financing industry-led pilot plants. This should include pilots for REE recovery from heavy rare earths-rich minerals, direct-alloy recycling routes, process and sensor equipment for REE recycling, and REE recovery from industrial residues.4.Levelling the playing field for European HREE exploration through co-funding for prefeasibility and bankable feasibility studies.Support from federal and state governments in the U.S., Australia and Canada has played a critical role in advancing project exploration. The EC and Member States should evaluate possibilities for supporting the extensive R&D necessary for pre-feasibility and ...

ERECON (2014) Strengthening the European rare earths supply chain: Challengesand policy options. Kooroshy, J., G. Tiess, A. Tukker, and A. Walton (eds.). ; Policy recommendations:1.Maintaining and strengthening the European Rare Earth Elements (REE) skills and knowledge base through research funding, science and technology education and international cooperation.Without cutting-edge research and technical expertise, a European high-tech REE industry cannot flourish. The EC and Member States should support funding for research grants, scholarships, and training networks, and enhance European and international cooperation through coordinated calls, researcher exchanges, and joint high-level conferences.2.Creating the basis for informed decision-making on REEs through a European Critical Materials Observatory.Mapping and monitoring of REE supply chains is necessary for informed decision-making. Expertise in Europe could be pooled in a virtual Critical Materials Observatory that provides the public with consistent and authoritative knowledge on REEs (e.g., information on advanced exploration projects, prices, key demand and supply trends, and the urban mine potential).3.Support promising technologies through funding industry-led pilot plants for innovative HREE processing.The EC, industry and Member States should accelerate the commercialization and scaling up of key technologies through co-financing industry-led pilot plants. This should include pilots for REE recovery from heavy rare earths-rich minerals, direct-alloy recycling routes, process and sensor equipment for REE recycling, and REE recovery from industrial residues.4.Levelling the playing field for European HREE exploration through co-funding for prefeasibility and bankable feasibility studies.Support from federal and state governments in the U.S., Australia and Canada has played a critical role in advancing project exploration. The EC and Member States should evaluate possibilities for supporting the extensive R&D necessary for pre-feasibility and bankable feasibility studies, to avoid high quality deposits in Europe simply going unexplored.5.Making waste management REE-friendly through eco-design, incentive schemes for collecting priority waste products, and streamlining policy and waste regulation.The EC and Member States should promote recycling-friendly design to help identify and recover REE components in waste more easily. Potential incentives for stimulating REE waste collection should be evaluated and the shipment of REE wastes should be facilitated. More consistency should also be created in implementing and applying existing waste regulations.6.Boost supply security and de-risk strategic REE investment cases through enhanced cooperation among European end-users and other stakeholders.Leading end-users should engage in strategic cooperation across industry and with governments. This could include setting up a voluntary European 'critical raw materials fund', establishing a 'European Resource Alliance' similar to the German Rohstoffallianz, and convening a high-level taskforce to examine ways in which public funding could support resilient REE supply chains for Europe.