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Political commentary is called the genre of evaluative journalism with fundamental indication, the expression of subjective opinion, on purpose to explain political phenomena and to assess it. From the perspective of rhetoric science positions, the most important is the argumentative level of commentary, i.e., persuasive substantiation of author's propositions with its various forms: from argued reasoning and discussion what brings commentary closer to analytical genre to the usage of manipulative eristic argumentation. This article analyses the comments of political reviewers which are different from published comments in printed and electronic media: structurally they are too fragmented to identify them as traditional comments; they are different from new genre of internet comments as usually they are the product of multidirectional interactive reflection with the content and expression forms that are predetermined by specific communication circumstances. Political commentary is explored as political rhetoric expression form on purpose to identify and reveal the changes of political commentary and to define the factors that inspire them.

Political commentary is called the genre of evaluative journalism with fundamental indication, theexpression of subjective opinion, on purpose to explain political phenomena and to assess it. From theperspective of rhetoric science positions, the most important is the argumentative level of commentary,i.e., persuasive substantiation of author's propositions with its various forms: from argued reasoningand discussion what brings commentary closer to analytical genre to the usage of manipulative eristicargumentation.This article analyses the comments of political reviewers which are different from published commentsin printed and electronic media: structurally they are too fragmented to identify them as traditionalcomments; they are different from new genre of internet comments as usually they are the product ofmultidirectional interactive reflection with the content and expression forms that are predetermined byspecific communication circumstances. Political commentary is explored as political rhetoric expressionform on purpose to identify and reveal the changes of political commentary and to define the factorsthat inspire them. ; Politiniu komentaru vadinamas vertinamasis publicistikos žanras, kurio pagrindinis požymis – subjektyvios nuomonės raiška siekiant paaiškinti politinį reiškinį ir jį įvertinti.Žvelgiant iš retorikos mokslo pozicijų, svarbiausias yra komentaro argumentacinis lygmuo – paveikus autoriaus teiginių pagrindimas, kurio formos gali būti įvairiausios: nuo argumentuoto samprotavimo ir svarstymo, priartinančio komentarą prie analitinių žanrų, iki manipuliatyvios eristinės argumentacijos vartojimo.Straipsnyje analizuojami vis gausiau socialiniuose tinkluose skelbiami politikos apžvalgininkų komentarai, kurie savitai išsiskiria iš spausdintos ir elektroninės žiniasklaidos leidiniuose publikuojamų komentarų: struktūros požiūriu jie yra pernelyg fragmentuoti, kad galėtų būti tapatinami su tradiciniu komentaru; nuo naujojo internetinių komentarų žanro skiriasi tuo, kad labai dažnai patys yra daugiakryptės interaktyvios refleksijos produktas, kurio turinio ir raiškos formos yra nulemtos specifinių komunikavimo aplinkybių. Politinis komentaras tiriamas kaip politinės retorikos raiškos forma, siekiant identifikuoti ir išskleisti politinio komentaro pokyčius bei nusakyti juos inspiruojančius veiksnius.

Political commentary is called the genre of evaluative journalism with fundamental indication, the expression of subjective opinion, on purpose to explain political phenomena and to assess it. From the perspective of rhetoric science positions, the most important is the argumentative level of commentary, i.e., persuasive substantiation of author's propositions with its various forms: from argued reasoning and discussion what brings commentary closer to analytical genre to the usage of manipulative eristic argumentation. This article analyses the comments of political reviewers which are different from published comments in printed and electronic media: structurally they are too fragmented to identify them as traditional comments; they are different from new genre of internet comments as usually they are the product of multidirectional interactive reflection with the content and expression forms that are predetermined by specific communication circumstances. Political commentary is explored as political rhetoric expression form on purpose to identify and reveal the changes of political commentary and to define the factors that inspire them.

Political commentary is called the genre of evaluative journalism with fundamental indication, the expression of subjective opinion, on purpose to explain political phenomena and to assess it. From the perspective of rhetoric science positions, the most important is the argumentative level of commentary, i.e., persuasive substantiation of author's propositions with its various forms: from argued reasoning and discussion what brings commentary closer to analytical genre to the usage of manipulative eristic argumentation. This article analyses the comments of political reviewers which are different from published comments in printed and electronic media: structurally they are too fragmented to identify them as traditional comments; they are different from new genre of internet comments as usually they are the product of multidirectional interactive reflection with the content and expression forms that are predetermined by specific communication circumstances. Political commentary is explored as political rhetoric expression form on purpose to identify and reveal the changes of political commentary and to define the factors that inspire them.

Political commentary is called the genre of evaluative journalism with fundamental indication, the expression of subjective opinion, on purpose to explain political phenomena and to assess it. From the perspective of rhetoric science positions, the most important is the argumentative level of commentary, i.e., persuasive substantiation of author's propositions with its various forms: from argued reasoning and discussion what brings commentary closer to analytical genre to the usage of manipulative eristic argumentation. This article analyses the comments of political reviewers which are different from published comments in printed and electronic media: structurally they are too fragmented to identify them as traditional comments; they are different from new genre of internet comments as usually they are the product of multidirectional interactive reflection with the content and expression forms that are predetermined by specific communication circumstances. Political commentary is explored as political rhetoric expression form on purpose to identify and reveal the changes of political commentary and to define the factors that inspire them.

The article presents the study of political communication on social network "Facebook". The object of the study is the motivation of using Russian inserts and potential influence on the effectiveness of the discourse. Effectiveness is related to the persuasion, the goal of the addressee in the communication process and the main concept of rhetoric, therefore, a rhetorical discourse analysis was used for the research. The focus of the presented research is on Russian language inserts in the posts by Lithuanian politicians published on the social network "Facebook". The purpose of the research is to discuss the rhetorical value of Russian inserts. Inserts are elements of another language inserted into the main language, in this case Russian words (both authentic and adapted form), parts of words, text fragments. After examining over 100 Russian language inserts in the records of native Lithuanian politicians, two trends have emerged: 1) Russian language inserts in politicians' records are deliberately used as means of stylistic expression, helping to imitate natural, informal speech, as well as creating contextual discourse; 2) Russian language is used as a way to express political attitudes and value positions.

The great spread of the phenomenon of MeToo, a global movement promoting the publicity of the facts of sexual harassment, has also received a response in Lithuania: anonymous stories in blogs have grown into a provocative discourse that has attracted a great deal of attention. The aim of the research presented in this article is to characterise the discourse of MeToo in terms of rhetorical expression that has not been discussed yet: to identify and elicit the dominant elements of rhetorical argumentation. The empirical research was conducted using the method of rhetorical analysis that allows distinguishing and defining in rhetorical categories the models characteristic to rhetoric appeals. The method of rhetorical analysis combined with directed content analysis, as well as with critical discourse analysis. Following the methodology of provocative narrative research, it was analysed the material published at the time of maximum intensity and involvement in the discourse, such as testimonies, publications, interviews, and comments of women who have been subjected to sexual harassment. The results of rhetorical discourse analysis allow us to discuss the culture of accusation in which the normalization of victim condemnation is prevalent, and logical reasoning gives way to prejudice-based emotional appeals.

Candidate programs are a publication of political parties during the agitation campaign, which presents the political attitudes of a political actor and influence voters' motivation to vote in elections. The electoral candidate program illustrates a politician's relationship with voters. It is an element of political communication, part of the image of a political figure. The article deals with the rhetoric of electoral candidate programs announced before the elections to the Seimas, the European Parliament, and Municipal Councils (2014–2019). The aim is to identify and expand the characteristic rhetorical elements that allow qualifying political electoral programs as a specific genre of political rhetoric: at the inventive level, the study of rhetorical strategies includes the analysis of rhetorical reasoning, the relationship between a political actor and a voter; at the dispositional level, the composition of programs is analyzed; and finally, at the elocutionary level, the specifics of the linguistic expression of discourse are investigated. A rhetorical study of discourse revealed that, in many cases, the electoral candidate program functions as a tool for building the image of a political actor, a tool for discrediting opponents and spreading populist promises.

Candidate programs are a publication of political parties during the agitation campaign, which presents the political attitudes of a political actor and influence voters' motivation to vote in elections. The electoral candidate program illustrates a politician's relationship with voters. It is an element of political communication, part of the image of a political figure. The article deals with the rhetoric of electoral candidate programs announced before the elections to the Seimas, the European Parliament, and Municipal Councils (2014–2019). The aim is to identify and expand the characteristic rhetorical elements that allow qualifying political electoral programs as a specific genre of political rhetoric: at the inventive level, the study of rhetorical strategies includes the analysis of rhetorical reasoning, the relationship between a political actor and a voter; at the dispositional level, the composition of programs is analyzed; and finally, at the elocutionary level, the specifics of the linguistic expression of discourse are investigated. A rhetorical study of discourse revealed that, in many cases, the electoral candidate program functions as a tool for building the image of a political actor, a tool for discrediting opponents and spreading populist promises.

Candidate programs are a publication of political parties during the agitation campaign, which presents the political attitudes of a political actor and influence voters' motivation to vote in elections. The electoral candidate program illustrates a politician's relationship with voters. It is an element of political communication, part of the image of a political figure. The article deals with the rhetoric of electoral candidate programs announced before the elections to the Seimas, the European Parliament, and Municipal Councils (2014–2019). The aim is to identify and expand the characteristic rhetorical elements that allow qualifying political electoral programs as a specific genre of political rhetoric: at the inventive level, the study of rhetorical strategies includes the analysis of rhetorical reasoning, the relationship between a political actor and a voter; at the dispositional level, the composition of programs is analyzed; and finally, at the elocutionary level, the specifics of the linguistic expression of discourse are investigated. A rhetorical study of discourse revealed that, in many cases, the electoral candidate program functions as a tool for building the image of a political actor, a tool for discrediting opponents and spreading populist promises.

Candidate programs are a publication of political parties during the agitation campaign, which presents the political attitudes of a political actor and influence voters' motivation to vote in elections. The electoral candidate program illustrates a politician's relationship with voters. It is an element of political communication, part of the image of a political figure. The article deals with the rhetoric of electoral candidate programs announced before the elections to the Seimas, the European Parliament, and Municipal Councils (2014–2019). The aim is to identify and expand the characteristic rhetorical elements that allow qualifying political electoral programs as a specific genre of political rhetoric: at the inventive level, the study of rhetorical strategies includes the analysis of rhetorical reasoning, the relationship between a political actor and a voter; at the dispositional level, the composition of programs is analyzed; and finally, at the elocutionary level, the specifics of the linguistic expression of discourse are investigated. A rhetorical study of discourse revealed that, in many cases, the electoral candidate program functions as a tool for building the image of a political actor, a tool for discrediting opponents and spreading populist promises. ; Politinės rinkimų programos yra agitacinio pobūdžio leidinys, kurio paskirtis– pateikti politikos veikėjo politines nuostatas ir paveikti rinkėjų motyvaciją balsuojant rinkimuose. Rinkimų programa iliustruoja politiko santykį su rinkėjais, ji yra politinės komunikacijos elementas, politikos veikėjo įvaizdžio dalis. Straipsnyje analizuojama rinkimų programų, paskelbtų prieš Seimo, Europos Parlamento, Savivaldybių tarybų rinkimus (2014–2019 m.), retorika. Siekiama nustatyti ir išskleisti būdinguosius retorinius dėmenis, leisiančius charakterizuoti politines rinkimų programas kaip specifinį politinės retorikos žanrą: invenciniame lygmenyje retorinių strategijų tyrimas apima retorinės argumentacijos, politikos veikėjo ir rinkėjo santykio analizę; dispoziciniame diskurso lygmenyje analizuojama programų kompozicija; elokuciniame lygmenyje tiriama diskurso kalbinės raiškos specifika. Retorinis diskurso tyrimas atskleidė, kad daugeliu atveju rinkimų programa funkcionuoja kaip politikos veikėjo įvaizdžio kūrimo priemonė, oponentų diskreditavimo ir populistinių pažadų sklaidos įrankis.

Candidate programs are a publication of political parties during the agitation campaign, which presents the political attitudes of a political actor and influence voters' motivation to vote in elections. The electoral candidate program illustrates a politician's relationship with voters. It is an element of political communication, part of the image of a political figure. The article deals with the rhetoric of electoral candidate programs announced before the elections to the Seimas, the European Parliament, and Municipal Councils (2014–2019). The aim is to identify and expand the characteristic rhetorical elements that allow qualifying political electoral programs as a specific genre of political rhetoric: at the inventive level, the study of rhetorical strategies includes the analysis of rhetorical reasoning, the relationship between a political actor and a voter; at the dispositional level, the composition of programs is analyzed; and finally, at the elocutionary level, the specifics of the linguistic expression of discourse are investigated. A rhetorical study of discourse revealed that, in many cases, the electoral candidate program functions as a tool for building the image of a political actor, a tool for discrediting opponents and spreading populist promises.

Rhetoric is a universal persuasion system: it is the ability to discover persuasive ways and means in each particular case. The essential part of the convincing process – argumentation – becomes the core of the rhetoric science. The article deals with the argumentation level of political discourse, specifically with political advertising. The aim of the article is to elucidate the concept of eristic and eristic arguments, as well as reveal the universal character of rhetorical persuasion – to identify and explain the dominant models of eristic reasoning in political advertising. Eristic arguments are considered as logical fallacies, unreliable arguments, but classical rhetoric justifies the ethical use of sophismata and eristic ways in persuasive discourses. Eristic argumentation is ethical as long as the addressee is free to accept or reject the arguments put forward, so the eristic must be understood further because we can identify and reveal false statements. An analysis of the peculiarities of argumentation of various forms of advertising reveals that eristic argumentation is the predominant kind of argumentation in advertising. The choise of eristic argumentation in political discourse is influenced by the competitive mode of elections, clearly seen in the pre-election debates and other verbal form of dispute.

Rhetoric is a universal persuasion system: it is the ability to discover persuasive ways and means in each particular case. The essential part of the convincing process – argumentation – becomes the core of the rhetoric science. The article deals with the argumentation level of political discourse, specifically with political advertising. The aim of the article is to elucidate the concept of eristic and eristic arguments, as well as reveal the universal character of rhetorical persuasion – to identify and explain the dominant models of eristic reasoning in political advertising. Eristic arguments are considered as logical fallacies, unreliable arguments, but classical rhetoric justifies the ethical use of sophismata and eristic ways in persuasive discourses. Eristic argumentation is ethical as long as the addressee is free to accept or reject the arguments put forward, so the eristic must be understood further because we can identify and reveal false statements. An analysis of the peculiarities of argumentation of various forms of advertising reveals that eristic argumentation is the predominant kind of argumentation in advertising. The choise of eristic argumentation in political discourse is influenced by the competitive mode of elections, clearly seen in the pre-election debates and other verbal form of dispute.

Rhetoric is a universal persuasion system: it is the ability to discover persuasive ways and means in each particular case. The essential part of the convincing process – argumentation – becomes the core of the rhetoric science. The article deals with the argumentation level of political discourse, specifically with political advertising. The aim of the article is to elucidate the concept of eristic and eristic arguments, as well as reveal the universal character of rhetorical persuasion – to identify and explain the dominant models of eristic reasoning in political advertising. Eristic arguments are considered as logical fallacies, unreliable arguments, but classical rhetoric justifies the ethical use of sophismata and eristic ways in persuasive discourses. Eristic argumentation is ethical as long as the addressee is free to accept or reject the arguments put forward, so the eristic must be understood further because we can identify and reveal false statements. An analysis of the peculiarities of argumentation of various forms of advertising reveals that eristic argumentation is the predominant kind of argumentation in advertising. The choise of eristic argumentation in political discourse is influenced by the competitive mode of elections, clearly seen in the pre-election debates and other verbal form of dispute.