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Research on counter-radicalization policies and policing in education in Europe is currently patchy and often focused on the United Kingdom. Scholars have observed that counter-radicalization policing in education is a threat to human freedom, human rights and dignity, and safe learning environments. However, scholars generally have not examined this issue from the viewpoint of human security. This paper examines the policing policy matter from the perspective of the personal security form of human security. The concern is that such a policing policy-related threat is antithetical to the concept of human security promoted by the United Nations (UN) and which the European Union (EU) and some European states had adopted. The study aims to find out how the current educational counter-radicalization initiatives and their effects could be used to argue for human security in Europe. The goal is to see how we can learn from past mistakes and improve future directions. The primary data are sourced from selected national, EU and UN policy documents, and a national media report. This work employs descriptive discourse analysis to analyse its data. The findings reveal that the present educational counter-radicalization policies of selected cases are grossly and/or explicitly deficient in the principles and language of human security. This has a negative impact on our understanding of the counter-radicalization policy effects in Europe. The study shows that the counter-radicalization strategy could trigger insecurity and negative security-oriented education for citizenship than we previously acknowledged in the literature. This piece suggests that the adverse consequences and tendencies could have been prevented had the appropriate human security elements been used in formulating and promoting the policy/strategy.

Research on counter-radicalization policies and policing in education in Europe is currently patchy and often focused on the United Kingdom. Scholars have observed that counter-radicalization policing in education is a threat to human freedom, human rights and dignity, and safe learning environments. However, scholars generally have not examined this issue from the viewpoint of human security. This paper examines the policing policy matter from the perspective of the personal security form of human security. The concern is that such a policing policy-related threat is antithetical to the concept of human security promoted by the United Nations (UN) and which the European Union (EU) and some European states had adopted. The study aims to find out how the current educational counter-radicalization initiatives and their effects could be used to argue for human security in Europe. The goal is to see how we can learn from past mistakes and improve future directions. The primary data are sourced from selected national, EU and UN policy documents, and a national media report. This work employs descriptive discourse analysis to analyse its data. The findings reveal that the present educational counterradicalization policies of selected cases are grossly and/or explicitly deficient in the principles and language of human security. This has a negative impact on our understanding of the counter-radicalization policy effects in Europe. The study shows that the counter-radicalization strategy could trigger insecurity and negative security-oriented education for citizenship than we previously acknowledged in the literature. This piece suggests that the adverse consequences and tendencies could have been prevented had the appropriate human security elements been used in formulating and promoting the policy/strategy. ; Peer reviewed

Resumen Este artículo analiza la trayectoria y la obra de Roberto Cardoso de Oliveira. Siguiendo su metodología hermenéutica, se analizan las monografías ejemplares y conceptos claves a lo largo de su trayectoria académica. Esta trayectoria fue dividida en el joven Roberto Cardoso de Oliveira, etnólogo y el viejo Roberto Cardoso de Oliveira, humanista con una mirada hermenéutica. El análisis explora la dimensión reflexiva en la obra del autor, tanto en el trabajo de campo como en la escrita, así como la reflexión que la etnografía despierta en el público. El trabajo finaliza sugiriendo algunos desdoblamientos de la perspectiva antropológica del autor en el campo de la antropología visual, rituales y performances.

The place of religion and how it should be employed in education for citizenship is currently an issue in Europe. The challenges of increasing diversity are the underlying factors. The conception of maximal citizenship (a critical model of citizenship) gives a significant framework for analysis and scholarly perspectives about several European contexts on this matter. However, there is hardly maximal citizenship in Finnish contexts in scholarship. Hence, this work searches for the elements of maximal citizenship in educational policy for young people by employing the policy relating to citizenship in Finnish religious education (RE). Focusing on grades 7–9 of basic education, its primary data is based on selected national policy documents. The data were analysed using critical discourse analysis. The main findings suggest that citizenship in Finnish RE is only somewhat compatible with the characteristics of maximal citizenship. This reveals some policy shortcomings that could negatively affect the potential of critical-mindedness of young people and equal opportunities in a democracy. Hence, some suggestions that could improve the situation are embedded in the paper. Nevertheless, a linguistic conception of citizenship in Finland vis-à-vis a recent development in national educational policy seems to push the conception of maximal citizenship in a relatively new direction. Furthermore, an explicit use of the "Convention on the Rights of the Child" in Finnish curriculum broadens our conception of maximal citizenship in general. Moreover, while scholars generally agree that maximal citizenship is essentially "critical", this piece suggests that every "critical" approach to citizenship education is not necessarily "maximal". ; Peer reviewed

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Este texto é uma ficção, escrita depois de dez anos de realizar pesquisas etnográficas na região Amazônica. Trata-se de um texto experimental, que reflete vivências, tensões, visões de mundo contrastantes. Um texto no qual o sexo é uma alegoria das paixões despertadas neste horizonte etnográfico no qual interatuam índios, caboclos, negros e um personagem japonês que costura antropologia e história. A ficção, ambientada na região de Óbidos, permitiu abordar episódios históricos invisibilizados, como a Comuna de Manaus, quando tenentes tomaram o poder. Um Brasil profundo, cujas tensões ainda ecoam a Cabanagem. Este texto experimental traz para o campo da escrita um conceito amplamente explorado na Antropologia Visual, a ficção etnográfica, e debate indiretamente o status das narrativas etnográficas como ficção, um tema que permeia a Antropologia nos escritos de Geertz, Clifford, Marcus e Fischer, mas também outros mais antigos como Castaneda, Lewis e porque não, o próprio Malinowski.Palavras-chave: Amazonas. Ficção Etnográfica. Narrativa experimental.Amazon-Jap: an ethnographic fictionAbstract This text is a fiction, written after ten years to conduct ethnographic research in the Amazon region. This is an experimental text that reflects experiences, tensions, contrasting worldviews. A text in which sex is an allegory of the aroused passions in ethnographic horizon in which interact indians, mestizos, afroamericans and a japanese character stitching anthropology and history. The fiction, set in Obidos region, allowed us to analyze historical episodes invisible, as the Commune of Manaus. A deep Brazil, whose tensions still echo the Cabanagem. This experimental text brings to the field of writing a widely explored concept in Visual Anthropology, ethnographic fiction, and debate indirectly the status of ethnographic narratives as fiction, a theme that permeates the writings of Anthropology Geertz, Clifford, Marcus and Fischer, but also others olders as Castaneda, Lewis and why not, Malinowski himself.Key words: Amazon. Ethnographic Fiction. Experimental narrative.

O trabalho se apóia numa pesquisa de campo extensiva que visitou 14 cidades localizadas nas fronteiras do Brasil com os países do Mercosul. Ao longo do trabalho se analisa os diferentes tipos de migrantes e a dinâmica das identidades, (estigmatizadas, mimetizadas ou invocadas). A pesquisa abordou diferentes tipos de migrantes: os estrangeiros, os que realizam migração pendular e aqueles migrantes de retorno. A fronteira como locus de pesquisa permite também analisar diferentes dimensões analíticas: internacional, transnacional, translocal e regional. O trabalho analisa também as percepções e expectativas destes trabalhadores migrantes sobre o processo de integração regional do Mercosul

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O trabalho discute a antropologia visual a partir do diálogo entre a perspectiva interpretativa, de Cardoso de Oliveira e a proposta de uma antropologia compartilhada de Jean Rouch. Esta proposta teórico-metodológica é analisada a partir da experiência etnográfica junto aos Sateré-Mawé. Nesta reflexão, os momentos interpretativos se desdobram a partir do uso do vídeo como estratégia de pesquisa. O registro e edição, feitos de forma compartilhada permitiram compreender a tradição cultural e produzir um material qualitativamente diferente, no qual se entrelaçam os recursos digitais com a construção de uma narrativa audiovisual compartilhada, a partir de uma tradição amazônica. Palavras chave: Antropologia Visual. Hermenêutica. Metodologia. The Shared Visual Anthropology and the Interpretative Stages of Anthropology Abstract This paper discusses visual anthropology from the dialogue between the interpretative perspective of Cardoso de Oliveira and the shared anthropology proposed by Jean Rouch. This theoretical-methodological proposition is analysed from an ethnographic experience with the Sataré-Mawé group. In this reflection, th e interpretative moments are developed from the usage of the video as a research strategy. The recording and editing, made in a shared way, allowed the comprehension of their cultural tradition and also the production of a qualitatively different material, in which digital resources and the construction of a shared audiovisual narrative were interweaved from an amazonian tradition perspective. Keywords: Visual Anthropology. Hermeneutics. Methodology.

El material etnográfico Sateré-Mawé fue analizado por la perspectiva de diferentes tradiciones teóricas de antropología del parentesco. El análisis del sistema de parentesco Sateré-Mawé permite cubrir un vacío bibliográfico acerca de la temática y también será la puerta de acceso que permitirá trascender el ámbito de los términos de parentesco para la comprehensión de la alteridad. Las conclusiones teóricas en el campo del parentesco, permiten una interpretación del ritual de la tucandira, que muestra como el ritual transforma performáticamente la afinidad virtual en afinidad potencial y los afines potenciales en afines efectivos. A partir del análisis del parentesco y el ritual, proponemos interpretar el ritual de la Tucandira, como una institución que ordena la circulación de mujeres de forma tan eficaz como otras instituciones clásicas del parentesco como el casamiento entre primos cruzados y los sistemas dradivianos.

The aim of the study is to show that long standing forgotten intrauterine device contributes to infertility, reporting three cases presented at Central Hospital Warri, Nigeria, a government tertiary health center. Three cases of forgotten intrauterine contraceptive device (IUCD) contributing to infertility were seen. Two were inserted for contraceptive reasons while one was inserted while being managed for uterine synechae. Health care providers should ensure proper documentation of all procedures carried out, adequate counseling which should include taking an informed consent and also ensuring both short and long term follow up of their clients. Also all patients being evaluated for infertility and clients with past history of intrauterine device must have a speculum examination and ultrasound scan carried out.

The aim of the study is to show that long standing forgotten intrauterine device contributes to infertility, reporting three cases presented at Central Hospital Warri, Nigeria, a government tertiary health center. Three cases of forgotten intrauterine contraceptive device (IUCD) contributing to infertility were seen. Two were inserted for contraceptive reasons while one was inserted while being managed for uterine synechae. Health care providers should ensure proper documentation of all procedures carried out, adequate counseling which should include taking an informed consent and also ensuring both short and long term follow up of their clients. Also all patients being evaluated for infertility and clients with past history of intrauterine device must have a speculum examination and ultrasound scan carried out.

Rückblick auf 25 Jahre OAU; politische Ideen, historische Gegebenheiten, Kolonialismus, Apartheidsprobleme und Zielsetzung bei der Entstehung der OAU werden der politischen Realität und der wirtschaftlichen Entwicklung Afrikas bis 1988 gegenübergestellt und kritisch reflektiert. (DÜI-Wsl)