Suchergebnisse

Tourism is a significant contributor to the economy of some countries. There are multiple countries, especially in South Asia, whose economies are largely reliant on tourism. The World Tourism and Travel Council estimates that the tourism sector contributed USD 234 billion, or 6.6% of the region's GDP, in 2019 in South Asia. Countries such as Maldives and Mauritius have faced huge issues since the COVID-19 pandemic brought about a complete shutdown of their tourism industries. The revival of tourism is a must for these counties; otherwise, their post-pandemic economic recovery will be majorly affected. This paper analyzes the effect of COVID-19 on the tourism sector in South Asia and sets out solutions for rebuilding it. This paper elaborates on the solutions mentioned above by emphasizing certain aspects. Firstly, this paper recommends that governments use the general equilibrium model as suggested by the report of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD). The UNCTAD report concerns the effect of COVID-19 on tourism. The general equilibrium model can be used to assess the implications of COVID-19 on the tourism sector effectively. Using this model, countries can accurately evaluate the effects of the tourism shock on the economy. Particular attention should be placed on developing countries wherein social progress has faced issues by the fall of tourism revenues. This paper suggests using the South Asian Association of Regional Cooperation (SAARC) as a platform for setting up tourism bubbles to deal with this issue.

Bioelectrochemical systems (BESs) have been catalogued as a technological solution to three pressing global challenges: environmental pollution, resource scarcity, and freshwater scarcity. This study explores the social risks along the supply chain of requisite components of BESs for two functionalities: (i) copper recovery from spent lees and (ii) formic acid production via CO2 reduction, based on the UK's trade policy. The methodology employed in this study is based on the UNEP/SETAC guidelines for social life-cycle assessment (S-LCA) of products. Relevant trade data from UN COMTRADE database and generic social data from New Earth's social hotspot database were compiled for the S-LCA. The results revealed that about 75% of the components are imported from the European Union. However, the social risks were found to vary regardless of the magnitude or country of imports. "Labour and Decent Work" was identified as the most critical impact category across all countries of imports, while the import of copper showed relatively higher risk than other components. The study concludes that BESs are a promising sustainable technology for resource recovery from wastewater. Nevertheless, it is recommended that further research efforts should concentrate on stakeholder engagement in order to fully grasp the potential social risks.

Aus indischer Sicht

Bioelectrochemical systems (BESs) have been catalogued as a technological solution to three pressing global challenges: environmental pollution, resource scarcity, and freshwater scarcity. This study explores the social risks along the supply chain of requisite components of BESs for two functionalities: (i) copper recovery from spent lees and (ii) formic acid production via CO2 reduction, based on the UK&rsquo ; s trade policy. The methodology employed in this study is based on the UNEP/SETAC guidelines for social life-cycle assessment (S-LCA) of products. Relevant trade data from UN COMTRADE database and generic social data from New Earth&rsquo ; s social hotspot database were compiled for the S-LCA. The results revealed that about 75% of the components are imported from the European Union. However, the social risks were found to vary regardless of the magnitude or country of imports. &ldquo ; Labour and Decent Work&rdquo ; was identified as the most critical impact category across all countries of imports, while the import of copper showed relatively higher risk than other components. The study concludes that BESs are a promising sustainable technology for resource recovery from wastewater. Nevertheless, it is recommended that further research efforts should concentrate on stakeholder engagement in order to fully grasp the potential social risks.