Suchergebnisse

The question of limits of state burden on the economy is considered in the article. In the countries — leaders of economic growth in XIX century taxation was minimal (approximately 8% of GDP). But during the First World War it sharply increased. The economic crisis of the 1930s expanded scales of intervention of the state in the economy. The fastest growth of taxes was observed during the Second World War and in the post-war period attempts to lower tax burden were not undertaken. State burden on the economy continued to grow up to the end of the 1980's (up to 50% of GDP and more) and modern liberal tendencies could only slow down the growth of taxes. In socialist countries tax burden was traditionally high — close to 50% of GDP, that is the limit for developed countries. In East-European countries it remains at a high level, also due to the necessity to carry out social obligations inherent to EU. In the CIS countries the transformational crisis lasted longer, so tax burden was fixed at lower level. The question of direct influence of state expenditures on rates of economic growth remains unsolved but there are limits of taxation for each level of per capita GDP: when taxes reach them rates of growth slow down.

The author points out that after the transformational slump all post-Soviet economies stepped on the path of growth. But its nature, known as recovery growth, appears inevitably fading, and in today's Russia its capacity has been practically depleted. And now the problem is not to stir up the rates of growth that would be dangerous. The comprehensive, mutually related reforms are needed which will secure sustainable economic growth in the future. The author argues that the country should learn how to insure economic development by means of private incentives rather than state regulation mechanisms.

Marxist concept of social development is analyzed on the basis of the twentieth century experience in the article. Theory of history is considered as the most important component of Marxism which contributes to the understanding of moderns historical trends, and especially the challenges of catching-up development. Authors explain renaissance of economic liberalism through the prism of Marxism and discuss the development of methodological tradition called "liberal Marxism".

Authors address K. Marx's scientific heritage, considering marxism as a multidimensional social science, including economic theory, philosophy of history (theory of social development), theory of class struggle and revolution, theory of economic history, history of economic thought. In their opinion, the most interesting and actual components of Marx's theory are the philosophy of history as a method of historical analysis and the theory of economic history. Therefore the marxist method of historical analysis and the treatment of economic history is the subject of the article. The principles formulated by Marx, the experience of creative rethinking of marxism, its application to social evolution are investigated. Authors make attempt to show which elements of the social theory of marxism were erroneous, which elements have lost their value and which elements are valuable today.