Suchergebnisse

Este trabalho analisa as dinâmicas dos países latino-americanos na última década, cuja característica distintiva é o enfraquecimento da hegemonia neoclássica e uma retomada de trajetórias de intervenção estatal na economia. A análise está centrada nos vetores constitutivos de uma agenda neo-desenvolvimentista e no papel que o Estado deve desempenhar na retomada do crescimento e do desenvolvimento sustentável. Focaliza-se o papel que o regime político e as instituições de governo cumprem no processo econômico, sugerindo-se que não haveria possibilidade de crescimento e desenvolvimento sem um Estado forte. Diferentes trajetórias constituem a base a partir da qual operam um conjunto similar de intervenções delimitando um campo para a atação de novos governos, cujos instrumentos e margens de ação dependerão de um conjunto de características institucionais e de contexto que pautam a governabilidade e, em última análise, a natureza das políticas econômicas. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: desenvolvimento, América Latina, instituições políticas, Estado, mercado. STATE INTERVENTIONISM AND DEVELOPMENT POLICIES IN LATIN AMERICA Renato Boschi Flávio Gaitán This work analyzes the dynamics of the Latin-American countries in the last decade, which distinctive characteristic is the weakness of the neoclassical hegemony and a retaking of state intervention trajectories in the economy. The analysis is centered in the constituent vectors of a neodevelopmentist calendar and in the role that the State should carry out in the retaking of growth and of sustainable development. In focus are the roles that the political regime and government institutions accomplish in the economical process, with the suggestion that there would be no possibility of growth and development without a strong State. Different trajectories constitute the base from which a similar group of interventions operate delimiting a field for the attraction of new governments, which instruments and action margins will depend on a group of institutional characteristics and of context that rule governability and, in last analysis, the nature of the economical policies. KEYWORDS: development, Latin America, political institutions, State, market. L'INTERVENTIONISME D'ETAT ET LES POLITIQUES DE DEVELOPPEMENT EM AMERIQUE LATINE Renato Boschi Flávio Gaitán Ce travail analyse les dynamiques des pays latinoaméricains au cours de la dernière décennie dont la caractéristique spécifique est l'affaiblissement de l'hégémonie néo classique ainsi que la reprise de trajectoires d'intervention de l'état dans l'économie. L'analyse se concentre sur les vecteurs constitutifs de compromis néo développementistes et sur le rôle que l'Etat doit jouer pour la reprise de la croissance et du développement soutenable. On y focalise le rôle que le régime politique et les institutions du gouvernement assument au niveau du processus économique. Il semblerait ne pas y avoir de croissance possible ni de développement sans un Etat fort. Diverses trajectoires constituent la base à partir de laquelle un ensemble similaire d'interventions opère en délimitant un champ d'action capable d'attirer de nouveaux gouvernements dont les instruments et les marges de manoeuvre dépendront d'un ensemble de caractéristiques institutionnelles et d'un contexte capables d'orienter la gouvernabilité et, en dernière analyse, la nature des politiques économiques. MOTS-CLÉS: développement, Amérique Latine, institutions politiques, Etat, marché. Publicação Online do Caderno CRH: http://www.cadernocrh.ufba.br

This paper aims to analyze the role of government coalitions in the formulation and implementation of a socioeconomic development model. It is a qualitative research that focuses on the extent to which the formation of coalitions to support a developmental platform is efficient in formulating and implementing sustainable public policies in the medium and long term in order to shape a national development agenda. The central hypothesis is that the development process has a direct relationship with the institutional dimension, in particular the role of the State, of government coalitions, of various public institutions (especially those that tend to coordinate interests' between the public and private sectors) and strategic actors profiles in the formulation and implementation of policies. From the interactions established between State, institutions and strategic players different styles or patterns of development are configured. "Developmental coalitions" is defined as the convergent action of different actors involved in any dynamic of growth and development (Tanaka, 2012). The "strategic actor" category includes business, organized labor and public bureaucracy. However, we focus on business and labor vis-à-vis the political field, which represents the space of articulation of interests of the different strategic actors. The methodological approach consists in the evaluation, based on stylized facts, of the turning points of the economic models (neoliberal and post-neoliberal) and the analysis of positions (statements, actions, exclusions) of strategic elites.

¿Cuáles son las condiciones para la adopción de estrategias de desarrollo en América Latina en tiempos posneoliberales? Luego de una breve discusión sobre desarrollo y crecimiento económico, el artículo examina el rol de las instituciones y las elites políticas en la capacidad de generar proyectos nacionales sustentables, y analiza el rol de los actores empresariales y sociales. No existe la posibilidad de un retorno del Estado omnipresente del pasado, pero tampoco es posible seguir negando el rol del sector público como ocurrió durante los 90. En definitiva, una propuesta de desarrollo nacional requiere el concurso de todos los sectores relevantes como requisito ineludible para revertir la desigualdad y la marginalidad de América Latina. (Nueva Soc/GIGA)