1. From the vindication of honour to blackmail : the impact of the changing role of ETA on society and politics in the Basque region of Spain / Peter Waldmann - 2. The terrorist lobby in West Germany : campaigns and propaganda in support of terrorism / Hans Joseph Horchem -- 3. Tolerating terrorism in Israel / Noemi Gal-Or -- 4. The CCC phenomenon in Belgium : unbacked terrorism / Simon Petermann -- 5. Terrorism supporters in the west : the Italian case / Francesco Sidoti -- 6. Do western societies tolerate terrorism? / Noemi Gal-Or.
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With the rise of international acts of terrorism there has been a commensurate rise in the level of international cooperation in the suppression of terrorism. This book, originally published in 1985, is a detailed and authoritative study of the background to this cooperation, the ways in which it has developed and the obstacles to its proper implementation. Particular emphasis is placed on a study of the European experience of international cooperation, the Council of Europe Convention on the Suppression of Terrorism being used as a case study.
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Has terrorism lost the power to shock and appal? Have liberal democracies learned to tolerate terrorism? Using case studies of governments' and societies' responses to terrorism, this book, first published in 1991, shows how attitudes towards terrorism have developed. Five western countries with differing political structures and histories are studied: Belgium, the Federal Republic of Germany, Israel, Italy and Spain. The analysis investigates the roles of social, political, legal, professional and religious institutions and movements in formulating the approved attitude towards terrorism that governs political bodies as well as society at large. This book will be of interest to students of politics and sociology.
With the rise of international acts of terrorism there has been a commensurate rise in the level of international cooperation in the suppression of terrorism. This book, originally published in 1985, is a detailed and authoritative study of the background to this cooperation, the ways in which it has developed and the obstacles to its proper implementation. Particular emphasis is placed on a study of the European experience of international cooperation, the Council of Europe Convention on the Suppression of Terrorism being used as a case study.
Although the idea of r2p had been enshrined in the Constitutive Act of the African Union (au) shortly before the term was coined by the iciss, the au has been slow to live up to the commitment. Balancing r2p, on the one hand, with non-interference within the domaine reservé of the state, on the other hand, has proven an uphill battle. r2p sceptic member states have persistently opted for non-interference, and at most, a "non-indifference" approach representing a non-committal stance with regards to r2p. This paper offers reflections about the particular African construction of the third r2p "collective global" pillar, and explains the African reticence about the original iciss and 2005 World Summit Outcome versions of r2p. It expounds on the key reasons for this tempered reception and sheds light on the global governance security challenge as it plays out in the un-au politics of regional collaboration.
Im Koalitionsvertrag Ende 2013 einigten sich Union und SPD darauf, die Einführung einer Finanztransaktionssteuer (FTS) in der EU als prioritäres Projekt voranzutreiben. Damit stiegen die Chancen für die Umsetzung einer Idee, die schon seit Jahrzehnten von zahlreichen politischen und zivilgesellschaftlichen Akteuren propagiert wird. Die Verhandlungen der beteiligten 11 Mitgliedstaaten gestalten sich aber als schwierig. Grund sind divergierende Interessen der Verhandlungspartner, Einwände der nicht beteiligten EU-Mitgliedsländer und massives Lobbying der Finanzindustrie. Im Global Governance Spotlight 2|2014 beschreibt Professor Hubert Zimmermann die zunächst global, später innereuropäisch geführten Diskussionen über die Einführung einer Finanztransaktionssteuer sowie die Stärken und Schwächen des Modells. Er endet mit dem ernüchternden Fazit, dass die FTS wahrscheinlich nur in abgeschwächter Form eingeführt werden wird und der schwindende politische Impetus zudem zu einer lückenhaften Implementation und damit zu einer Umsetzung, die die eigentliche Intention verfehlt, führen könnte.
SummaryThis article challenges the argument that the World Trade Organization (WTO) is devoid of executive or governing functions and, hence, immune from the regime set out in the International Law Commission's 2011 Draft Articles on the Responsibility of International Organizations (RIO). A brief drafting history of the RIO, clarification of the terminology associated with matters of international responsibility, and two hypothetical examples illustrating the potential for WTO responsibility set the stage for the article's main argument. The author examines the WTO's nature by analyzing its constituent law, its sui generis mandate and functions, its international legal personality, and its own use of terminology in presenting itself to the world. Critical analysis of RIO Articles 64 (on lex specialis) and 10 (on the existence of a breach of an international obligation), and their application to the WTO, completes the argument. The author thus refutes both the notions that (1) the WTO is exclusively member driven and, hence, not an executive, governing organization but a sui generis entity and (2) the WTO is therefore unable to breach an international obligation and thus immune from the RIO regime. The article concludes that, while a breach by the WTO of an international obligation may be exceedingly rare, it nonetheless — as any international organization — comes within the ambit of the RIO regime. The WTO should therefore consider adjusting its internal rules accordingly.
