Suchergebnisse

AbstractAs the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (2018) testifies, the world is a long way from halting climate change, let alone reverting it. The existence of adaptation and mitigation technologies did not prove sufficient, their adoption being respectively faulted or hindered by the presence of externalities. In this work, we study how externalities, whether positive or negative, lead the system away from Pareto-dominant (social optimum) states, towards Pareto-dominated ones. We show that adoption gaps, i.e. differences between socially optimum vs current adoption shares, of both (mal)adaptation and mitigation technologies are caused by the externalities emitted. In particular, over-adoption may occur for maladaptive technologies, whereas under-adoption may occur in case of mitigation. We employ a model with two regions at different stages of development and also derive relevant considerations on possible counterproductive effects of green policies and environmental dumping.

AbstractThis paper analyses the role that companion policies have had in the reduction of emissions regulated by the EU Emissions Trading System (EU ETS) and the related policy interactions, with a view to identifying relevant insights for China's forthcoming Emissions Trading System (ETS). The investigation rests on: (a) the observation of the EU's and China's ETSs and policy mixes; (b) economic theory concerning companion policies and ETS design; and (c) empirical ex-post evidence from the EU ETS. Three main conclusions emerge from the analysis. First, China's ETS, while not imposing a fixed cap on emissions, will not be immune to waterbed effects of companion policies. Second, the European experience stresses the importance of making explicit the objectives pursued by companion policies, and of balancing policies for innovation and policies for adoption of low-carbon technologies. Third, in the presence of a major market surplus, only permanent adjustments to allowance supply can be effective in raising prices.

This paper analyses the role that companion policies have had in the reduction of emissions regulated by the EU Emissions Trading System (EU ETS) and the related policy interactions, with a view to identifying relevant insights for China's forthcoming Emissions Trading System (ETS). The investigation rests on: (a) the observation of the EU's and China's ETSs and policy mixes; (b) economic theory concerning companion policies and ETS design; and (c) empirical ex-post evidence from the EU ETS. Three main conclusions emerge from the analysis. First, China's ETS, while not imposing a fixed cap on emissions, will not be immune to waterbed effects of companion policies. Second, the European experience stresses the importance of making explicit the objectives pursued by companion policies, and of balancing policies for innovation and policies for adoption of low-carbon technologies. Third, in the presence of a major market surplus, only permanent adjustments to allowance supply can be effective in raising prices. ; The work leading to this study was co-financed by the EU LIFE Programme of the European Commission – Grant Agreement LIFE15 GIC/IT/000051 LIFE SIDE. This paper reflects only the authors' view and the Agency is not responsible for any use that may be made of the information it contains.

This report was prepared to inform the Carbon Market Policy Dialogue (CMPD) between the European Commission, as the regulator of the EU Emissions Trading System, and the regulatory authorities for the emissions trading systems (ETSs) of California, Québec, China, New Zealand, and Switzerland. In this report, we propose a conceptual framework to characterise price control mechanisms (PCMs), i.e. the design features of emission trading systems (ETSs) meant to tackle price uncertainty. We present the PCM features of the six ETSs involved in the CMPD according to the conceptual framework and illustrate some insight from the scientific literature on linking ETSs with different PCMs. Finally, we discuss the main issues emerging from this report and provide out concluding remarks. ; The present report is a deliverable of the LIFE DICET project, which is co-financed by the EU LIFE Programme of the European Commission (LIFE18 GIC/IT/001129).

This report was prepared to inform the Carbon Market Policy Dialogue (CMPD) between the European Commission, as the regulator of the EU Emissions Trading System, and the regulatory authorities for the emissions trading systems (ETSs) of California, Québec, China, New Zealand, and Switzerland. The report deals with the implications of linking emissions trading systems (ETSs) that differ from each other in the level of environmental ambition. The report provides a conceptual framework and summarizes the relevant scientific literature; it describes the current status of the six ETSs represented in the CMPD and, finally, it offers up a few ideas for discussion. ; The present report is a deliverable of the LIFE DICET project, which is co-financed by the EU LIFE Programme of the European Commission (LIFE18 GIC/IT/001129).

This report was prepared to inform the Carbon Market Policy Dialogue (CMPD) between the European Commission, as the regulator of the EU Emissions Trading System, and the regulatory authorities for the emissions trading systems (ETSs) of California, Quebec, China, New Zealand and Switzerland. The report deals with the implications of linking ETSs that differ from each other in the provisions on emission offsetting. The report provides a conceptual framework and summarizes the relevant scientific literature; it describes the current status of the six ETSs represented in the CMPD and, finally, it offers up a few ideas for discussion.

This report was prepared to inform the Carbon Market Policy Dialogue (CMPD) between the European Commission, as the regulator of the EU Emissions Trading System, and the regulatory authorities for the emissions trading systems (ETSs) of California, Quebec, China, New Zealand and Switzerland. The report deals with the implications of linking ETSs that differ from each other in the measures for carbon leakage prevention. The report provides a conceptual framework and summarizes the relevant scientific literature; it describes the current status of the six ETSs represented in the CMPD and, finally, it offers up a few ideas for discussion.

The present report is chronologically the first output of the project LIFE DICET – Deepening International Cooperation on Emissions Trading (lifedicetproject.eui.eu). LIFE DICET supports EU and Member State policymakers in deepening international cooperation for the development and possible integration of carbon markets. This report is a collection of five short documents describing the Emissions Trading Systems (ETSs) currently in force in the following jurisdictions: EU, California-Québec, China, New Zealand and Switzerland. A central component of the DICET project is the Carbon Market Policy Dialogue (CMPD) between the European Commission, as the regulator of the EU ETS, and the regulatory authorities for the other ETSs in the above said jurisdictions. The purpose of this report, and of others that will follow, is to inform the CMPD. Specifically, the report collects basic information about the main features of the ETSs represented in the CMPD (e.g., sectors covered, number of installations, total allowance volume, allocation method, etc.) and, for each of them, provides brief explanations and relevant references concerning both the main current regulatory issues and the recent and prospective reforms. The report was written in December 2019, so it provides the reader with a snapshot of the ETSs at that specific point in time. This caveat is in order as each and every of the six ETSs has been going through a phase of relevant policy and regulatory changes. ; The present report is a deliverable of the LIFE DICET project, which is co-financed by the EU LIFE Programme of the European Commission.