Suchergebnisse

Introduction -- The energy and environmental dimensions of cars in China -- Zoom, zoom, zoom : the auto industry and economic development -- Foreign technology in the development of China's automotive sector -- Beijing Jeep -- Shanghai GM -- Chang'An Ford -- Technology transfer, energy, and the environment -- Technology transfer, innovation, and economic development -- Limits to leapfrogging and how to overcome them : implications for policy, theory, and future research

As a developing country, China still lacks many of the institutions, policies, and enforcement mechanisms that are needed to foster technology transfer and environmental protection.

"Details the often incomplete, incoherent, and ineffectual U.S. energy policy, tackling specific policy questions: Why are these components of energy policy so important? How would 'acting in time'---not waiting until politics demands action---make a difference? What should our policy actually be? Proposes measures to overcome this counterproductive tendency" - Provided by publisher

Abstract
This paper explores whether economic viability is the key to achieve deep decarbonization or net zero emissions. The hypothesis tested is that popular support for decarbonization policies is conditional upon most people's belief that their economic well-being will improve, or at least not suffer with these policies. While GDP growth is the typical metric for economic health, a more useful socio-economic indicator for gauging the political viability of climate policies may be job creation. Specifically, the paper reviews the existing evidence about whether climate policies are more successful in achieving deep decarbonization in the long run if policy-makers include job creation as well as emissions reductions when designing and implementing climate policies, because, to date, climate policy-makers have often focused on emissions reductions as the primary criterion for policy choice. While empirical evidence remains thin, we find that job creation in low-carbon industries appears to lead to greater political support for the climate policies that contribute to decarbonization, but employment factors are not always the most salient factor in a voter's decision. We also find empirical evidence that clean energy deployment policies, such as feed-in tariffs, have led to significant net gains in employment in the countries that have been studied. The review points to several policy implications, including the need to assess competitive advantage, develop plans, design and execute industrial policy, and develop a low-carbon workforce.

AbstractPresident Xi Jinping launched the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) in 2013. In total capital, China is now the largest investor in least‐developed countries and in developing Asia, and the fifth‐largest investor in Africa. Motivated by concerns about the climate change consequences of China's overseas investments, this paper identifies and evaluates Chinese policies governing China's overseas investments and analyzes how those policies influence environmental outcomes in recipient countries. Policies governing domestic investments are analyzed in order to clarify inconsistencies between domestic and overseas policies. Key findings are that the Chinese government's environmental policies governing domestic investments are more stringent than those governing overseas investments. Chinese environmental overseas investment policies are mostly voluntary in nature so long as firms comply with host country regulations. Disclosure and transparency of information about China's investments is opaque. Even if there is a failure to comply with host country regulations, there do not appear to be serious enforcement consequences. Finally, China encourages overseas investments in clean energy as well as exploration and development of higher carbon industries and fails to specifically restrict or prohibit investment in carbon‐intensive and fossil fuel industries in its overseas investments, revealing a discrepancy between policy for domestic and overseas investment.