Suchergebnisse

Frontmatter -- Contents -- Tables -- Figures -- Acknowledgments -- 1. Mexico and the Trade and Environment Debates -- 2. Environmental Kuznets Curve for Mexico? -- 3. Is Mexico a Pollution Haven? -- 4. A Change in Composition: The Case of Industrial Air Pollution I -- 5. Is Mexico a Pollution Halo? The Case of Industrial Air Pollution II -- 6. Harmonizing Up? The Development and Performance of Mexico's Environmental Policy -- 7. Bring the State Back In: Enabling National Environmental Policy -- Technical Appendix -- Bibliography -- Index

Ever since China entered the World Trade Organization at the turn of the century, Latin America supplied China with more and more of the primary commodities it needs and more. In The China Triangle, Kevin P. Gallagher traces the development of the China-Latin America trade over time and covers how it has affected the centuries-old (and highly unequal) US-Latin American relationship

In Ruling Capital, Kevin P. Gallagher demonstrates how several emerging market and developing countries (EMDs) managed to reregulate cross-border financial flows in the wake of the global financial crisis, despite the political and economic difficulty of doing so at the national level. Gallagher also shows that some EMDs, particularly the BRICS coalition, were able to maintain or expand their sovereignty to regulate cross-border finance under global economic governance institutions. Gallagher combines econometric analysis with in-depth interviews with officials and interest groups in select emerging markets and policymakers at the International Monetary Fund, the World Trade Organization, and the G-20 to explain key characteristics of the global economy.

In the wake of the global financial crisis most emerging market and developing countries experienced a surge in capital inflows that accentuated financial fragility in those countries. Unlike similar surges in the 1990s and in the five years leading to the global financial crisis in 2008, this time many emerging market and developing countries re-regulated cross-border financial flows. According to the literature such acts are seen as quite difficult, given the pervasiveness of the 'capital mobility hypothesis' which renders that the structural power of global financial markets is too much of a match for states, especially those in emerging markets. The paper traces how Brazil and South Korea were able to countervail the structural power of global capital markets and put in place regulations on cross-border finance in the wake of the crisis. The paper also outlines the contours an inductive theory regarding the conditions under which emerging market and developing nations may deviate from the 'capital mobility hypotheses' and similar literatures. This concept is referred to as 'countervailing monetary power'. Adapted from the source document.

Financial crises can trigger different actors to reassess their ideas, interests, and policies, and sometimes change them. The Global Financial Crisis triggered a reassessment at the International Monetary Fund (IMF) regarding the utility of capital account liberalization and the management of capital flows. In 2010, the IMF embarked upon an official reassessment of these issues and in 2012 published an official 'institutional view' on capital account liberalization and managing capital flows that gives more caution toward capital account liberalization and endorses the use of capital controls in certain circumstances. This article traces the political process that yielded the IMF's new view and draws out lessons for thinking about policy change in global economic governance institutions. Adapted from the source document.

El enorme auge de los préstamos financieros chinos para importantes proyectos de infraestructura e industria pesada ha planteado preocupaciones con respecto al ambiente. A lo largo de los últimos 20 años, la sociedad civil ha demandado la inclusión de directrices sociales y ambientales, directrices regionales y directrices de los bancos regionales y gubernamentales de desarrollo. Como resultado, la banca multilateral y occidental ha establecido un conjunto de prácticas de préstamo acordadas internacionalmente. Estas prácticas han dado forma a la creciente protección social y ambiental en el mundo en desarrollo al vincular la disponibilidad de préstamos con estas condiciones normativas. China ha sido un actor relativamente nuevo en el establecimiento de directrices ambientales similares para sus bancos de desarrollo. Si bien este país ha realizado progresos significativos, todavía tiene mucho que recorrer para satisfacer prácticas de préstamos ambientalmente responsables establecidas por la comunidad en términos internacionales. ; The enormous rise in Chinese financial lending to major infrastructure and heavy industry projects has raised concerns regarding the environment. Over the past twenty years, civil society has pushed for the inclusion of social and environmental guidelines regional and government development banks' guidelines. As a result, multilateral and Western banks have established a set of internationally agreed upon lending practices. These practices have shaped the rise of social and environmental protection within the developing world by tying the availability of loans to these policy conditions. China has been a relatively newcomer in establishing similar environmental guidelines for its development banks. Although China has made some significant progress, China still has a ways to go to meet internationally established environmentally responsible lending practices.

Financial crises can trigger different actors to reassess their ideas, interests, and policies, and sometimes change them. The Global Financial Crisis triggered a reassessment at the International Monetary Fund (IMF) regarding the utility of capital account liberalization and the management of capital flows. In 2010, the IMF embarked upon an official reassessment of these issues and in 2012 published an official "institutional view" on capital account liberalization and managing capital flows that gives more caution toward capital account liberalization and endorses the use of capital controls in certain circumstances. This article traces the political process that yielded the IMF's new view and draws out lessons for thinking about policy change in global economic governance institutions.

In Ruling Capital, Kevin P. Gallagher demonstrates how several emerging market and developing countries (EMDs) managed to reregulate cross-border financial flows in the wake of the global financial crisis, despite the political and economic difficulty of doing so at the national level. Gallagher also shows that some EMDs, particularly the BRICS coalition, were able to maintain or expand their sovereignty to regulate cross-border finance under global economic governance institutions. Gallagher combines econometric analysis with in-depth interviews with officials and interest groups in select emerging markets and policymakers at the International Monetary Fund, the World Trade Organization, and the G-20 to explain key characteristics of the global economy.