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Introduction -- 1 Overview of the Field -- 2 Issues Covered in This Volume -- 3 Thematic Topics -- 3.1 Social Choices: Welfare, Gender Differences, and Healthcare -- 3.1.1 ``Statistical Utilitarianism'' by Pivato -- 3.1.2 ``Personality Traits and the Gender Gap in Ideology'' by Morton, Tyran, and Wengström -- 3.1.3 ``Autocratic Health Versus Democratic Health: Different Outcome Variables for Health as a Factor Versus Health as a Right'' by Rosenberg and Shvetsova -- 3.2 Performance of Electoral Systems

Abstract. This edited conference volume is another from Springer on the Studies in Political Economy under the editorship of Prof. Norman Schofield, the Dr. William Taussig Professor of Political Economy Professor, Department of Political Science at Washington University. Political Economy is a fast growing field that uses the logic of economics to study issues pertaining to politics and governance and of which Prof. Schofield has been one the most prolific contributors over the last four decades. This volume brings together the papers presented at the Political Economy of Governance, Institutions and Elections workshop that took place in Baiona, Spain in April 2014. Political Economy is a vast and growing field as such this volume is only representative of the many issues and the modelling techniques—both theoretical and empirical—used to address them. The topics and issues addressed in this volume span a great variety of subjects covering—as the title indicates—issues dealing with governance, institutions and elections. The chapters in this volume are not only innovative, but they challenge and engage the reader into thinking more deeply about the issues addressed. One of the major characteristic of this volume is that most papers directly or indirectly contest the existing body of knowledge by either providing alternatives ways of thinking about a problem not addressed in the main stream literature or by studying issues that have up to know been ignored in the literature. This review is organized as follows. Section 1 gives an overview of how institutions work or change over time within a country; Section 2, those dealing with different aspects of democracy and Section 3 those dealing with the workings of elections. Concluding comments are given in Section 4.Keywords. Political economy, Institutions, Democracy, Elections.JEL. F50, D72.

We examine whether voter media awareness of the 2016 US Presidential election campaign influenced the election using a logit model to estimate the probability that a voter with certain characteristics votes for one of the two candidates. Our results indicate that the more active voters were on social media, the more likely they were to vote for Trump, and the more aware they were of the electoral campaign (watching TV, listening to the radio, reading newspapers, etc.) and the more interested they were in the news/politics, the less likely they were to vote for Trump. The impact of these variables was not as important as their sociodemographic characteristics.

This book presents state-of-the-art research in political economy dealing with the decision making process under different political institutions. It focuses on the role that states and governments have on political outcomes and on the well-being of individuals, taking into account the differences that arise across autocracies and democracies and within political regimes. The research in this book is embedded with the political economy and social choice traditions and uses the rigorous frameworks of economics, political science and social choice theory to show how institutional settings shape social choices of a group of individuals or a nation. The contributions in this volume use a variety of cutting-edge game theory and mathematical tools as well as data and simulations that coupled with statistical techniques help us gain greater insights into these issues.

Many formal models suggest that parties or candidates should locate at the electoral mean. Yet, there is no consistent evidence of such convergence across political systems. Schofield's (2007) Valence Theorem proves that when valence differences across parties are large, there is non-convergence to the mean. Convergence to the mean depends on the value of the convergence coefficient, c. When c is high there is significant centrifugal tendency acting on the parties and when c is low there is a significant centripetal tendency acting on the parties. In this paper we apply the stochastic valence model of elections in various countries under different political regimes and use the convergence coefficient of these elections to classify political systems. Our results show that the convergence coefficient varies across elections in a country, across countries using the same political system and across political regimes. For countries using proportional representation, namely Israel, Turkey and Poland, the centrifugal tendency is very high and parties move away from the mean. In the majoritarian polities of the United States and the UK, parties are located at the mean, as the centrifugal tendency is very low. In anocracies, the autocrat imposes limitations on how far from the origin the opposition parties can move but the equilibrium is fragile.

Artículo de investigación sobre arte y ciencia. ; Esta ponencia estudia las comunidades digitales que comparten un interés por contar y definir una parte del mundo, un amplio abanico que combina políticas reivindicativas y sociales, intereses solidarios y proyectos artísticos. En la actualidad el territorio ha dejado de ser propiedad de administraciones públicas, geógrafos o urbanistas. La democratización de las técnicas que permiten registrar el lugar, ha hecho posible una nueva generación de cartógrafos aficionados, que inundan la red con mapas colaborativos, libres y editables. Durante las últimas décadas se han estudiado las complejas relaciones de las personas con el espacio que habitan en condiciones extremas: exilios, migraciones, fronteras peligrosas, pueblos indígenas y derechos sobre la tierra. Parece ser que esta segunda década del siglo se interesa además por la etnografía del lugar, no sólo por cómo las personas viven, perciben, e invierten, sino también por la pervivencia de los océanos, la supervivencia de especies en extinción, la defensa de los derechos humanos en Iran, o las mancomunidades que comparten huertas y trabajos. Los mapas nos fascinan porque cuentan historias. Las corrientes bottom up facilitan la multiplicidad de narradores, y la creación de comunidades que fomentan el intercambio y reafirman la autoridad de los esfuerzos individuales al margen de la institución y las grandes compañías. Frente a los mapas que han definido el mundo durante décadas, ahora cada uno somos el centro de nuestros propios mundos cartográficos: todas las distancias se miden desde el punto en el que nos encontramos, y a partir de ahí el todo se reorganiza y cambia de escala. Planificar el mundo es una forma de apropiárnoslo, y el hecho de que éste se desarrolle a nuestro alrededor nos convierte en protagonistas de la historia que contamos. Puede que sea este nuevo antropocentrismo 2.0 el que favorece que muchas de estas comunidades aficionadas a cartografiar y estudiar el mundo compartan un interés ecológico, ...