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pt. 1. ServPPINs : conceptual and analytical frameworks -- pt. 2. Public-private cooperation for innovation in services : statistical analyses -- pt. 3. ServPPIN case studies in health, knowledge-intensive services and transport -- pt. 4. Public policy for ServPPINs and ServPPINs in public policy.

Modern economies are inescapably service economies. For several decades now, services have been our main source of wealth and jobs. In fact, services represent more than 70 % of employment, and value added. The process of deindustrialisation began a long time ago in all the developed countries. While it is hardly surprising that the profound economic and social upheavals linked to deindustrialisation have given rise to anxieties, both legitimate and fantastical, the persistence of these anxieties in certain cases is, on the other hand, quite difficult to understand. After all, the service society is still quite frequently associated with negative images of servitude, state bureaucracy and industrial decline. Thus despite some changes of attitude, it is still sometimes regarded with a certain degree of suspicion, in both academic studies and political discourse . These academic and political concerns which are recurrent in periods of crisis are based on a number of particularly hardy myths about the service economy and its performance, the quality of its jobs and its capacity for innovation.Thus the relationship between services, on the one hand, and innovation and performance, on the other, continues to be a matter of considerable debate. In the still influential industrialist or technologist approach to this relationship, innovation efforts and performance levels in services are underestimated. It is this approach that is responsible for the existence of two gaps: an innovation gap and a performance gap. The innovation gap indicates that our economies contain invisible or hidden innovations that are not captured by the traditional indicators of innovation, while the performance gap is reflected in an underestimation of the efforts directed towards improving performance in those economies. These gaps have their origin in the more or less ancient myths about the fundamental nature of services and the errors of measurement associated with them. They may have harmful consequences for the validity of the public policies implemented at national or European level. Since they are based on imperfect or even erroneous forecasts, these policies may also prove to be inappropriate. The aim of this work is to help fill the innovation and performance gaps, or in other words to rescue these invisible innovations and forms of performance from the relative oblivion to which they have been consigned.This work is organized into four sections. The first section is a framing section devoted to a discussion of the main myths about services and innovation in services and to the real or supposed specificities of these activities. It also addresses the hypothesis of the convergence between goods and services and the blurring of their boundaries. The second section is devoted to an account of the notion of service innovation, from the point of view of its nature, and its organisation processes. The third section addresses, in a prospective way, a certain number of megatrends of the innovation dynamics in services. In the fourth section we analyze how the innovation gap and the performance gap interact and may lead to a policy gap.

Modern economies are inescapably service economies. For several decades now, services have been our main source of wealth and jobs. In fact, services represent more than 70 % of employment, and value added. The process of deindustrialisation began a long time ago in all the developed countries. While it is hardly surprising that the profound economic and social upheavals linked to deindustrialisation have given rise to anxieties, both legitimate and fantastical, the persistence of these anxieties in certain cases is, on the other hand, quite difficult to understand. After all, the service society is still quite frequently associated with negative images of servitude, state bureaucracy and industrial decline. Thus despite some changes of attitude, it is still sometimes regarded with a certain degree of suspicion, in both academic studies and political discourse . These academic and political concerns which are recurrent in periods of crisis are based on a number of particularly hardy myths about the service economy and its performance, the quality of its jobs and its capacity for innovation.Thus the relationship between services, on the one hand, and innovation and performance, on the other, continues to be a matter of considerable debate. In the still influential industrialist or technologist approach to this relationship, innovation efforts and performance levels in services are underestimated. It is this approach that is responsible for the existence of two gaps: an innovation gap and a performance gap. The innovation gap indicates that our economies contain invisible or hidden innovations that are not captured by the traditional indicators of innovation, while the performance gap is reflected in an underestimation of the efforts directed towards improving performance in those economies. These gaps have their origin in the more or less ancient myths about the fundamental nature of services and the errors of measurement associated with them. They may have harmful consequences for the validity of the public ...

Gabriel Tarde est un auteur français que la sociologie redécouvre de manière récurrente. Les économistes de l'innovation se sont insuffisamment intéressés à un auteur qui a pourtant consacré une grande partie de son œuvre aux lois de l'imitation et de l'invention. L'objet de ce travail est triple. Il est, tout d'abord, de rendre compte, de manière succincte, de ces lois de l'imitation et de l'invention. Il est, ensuite, de réexaminer et d'enrichir les débats sur les similitudes entre Schumpeter et Tarde. Il est, enfin, et surtout, d'examiner les similitudes, inexplorées à notre connaissance, entre l'œuvre de Tarde et les théories néoschumpeteriennes et évolutionnistes contemporaines.

International audience ; The concept of innovation network (IN) is a well-established one that has been the object of an extensive literature. Our subject in this paper is a particular kind of innovation network, as yet relatively unknown but which is developing against the background of economies dominated by service industries; we term them public-private innovation networks in services (ServPPINs). Such networks involve collaborations between public and private service organisations in the field of innovation. They differ from traditional INs in several ways. Firstly, service providers are the main actors in the networks. Secondly the relationships between the public and the private actors lie at the heart of the analysis. Finally, non-technological innovation, which is often overlooked in the literature, is taken into account. This paper has a twofold purpose: first to examine the way in which the characteristics of ServPPINs can help to modify and enhance the traditional concept of IN, and second to draw any possible lessons there might be for public policy. It is based on both a literature survey and analysis of a database of ServPPINs case studies compiled in the course of the ServPPIN (Public Private Innovation Networks in Services) European project. ; Le concept de réseau d'innovation est un concept bien établi qui a fait l'objet d'une abondante littérature. Nous nous intéressons dans ce travail à des réseaux d'innovations particuliers, encore peu connus, mais qui se développent dans une économie de service dominante : les réseaux d'innovation public-privé dans les services (RIPPS). Les RIPPS décrivent des collaborations entre organisations de services publiques et privées dans le domaine de l'innovation. Ils diffèrent des RI traditionnels de plusieurs manières. Tout d'abord, les prestataires de services y sont les acteurs principaux. Ensuite les relations entre les acteurs publics et privés sont placées au centre de l'analyse. Enfin, l'innovation non technologique, souvent négligée dans la littérature, y est prise en compte. L'objet de ce travail est, tout d'abord, d'examiner la manière dont les caractéristiques des RIPPS peuvent contribuer à modifier et enrichir le concept traditionnel de RI, et ensuite, d'en tirer d'éventuels enseignements en matière de politique publique. Ce travail s'appuie à la fois sur un bilan de la littérature et sur l'exploitation d'une base de données d'études de cas de RIPPS constituée dans le cadre du projet européen ServPPIN (Public Private Innovation Networks in Services).

International audience ; Paradoxically, despite the extent of their contribution to wealth and employment, services are regularly blamed (in both political discourses and certain theoretical works) to be directly or indirectly responsible for the economic crisis. This short note aims at refuting such a paradox, arguing that the service economy is an economy of knowledge, skills and innovation.

International audience ; Paradoxically, despite the extent of their contribution to wealth and employment, services are regularly blamed (in both political discourses and certain theoretical works) to be directly or indirectly responsible for the economic crisis. This short note aims at refuting such a paradox, arguing that the service economy is an economy of knowledge, skills and innovation.

International audience Paradoxically, despite the extent of their contribution to wealth and employment, services are regularly blamed (in both political discourses and certain theoretical works) to be directly or indirectly responsible for the economic crisis. This short note aims at refuting such a paradox, arguing that the service economy is an economy of knowledge, skills and innovation.

International audience ; The objective of this Special Issue of Structural Change and Economic Dynamics is to contribute to fill the gap that can be observed in the literature as regards innovation in public services, at the theoretical, empirical and methodological level. In the following introductory notes, we will first describe the nature of this gap (which we shall refer to as "innovation gap") in academic research and in the statistics. Then we will briefly illustrate how it has been dealt with by the (scanty) previous literature on this topic. Section two will provide a synthetic close-up on each of the articles included in the Special Issue, and section three will conclude. The core of this collection of papers is drawn from presentations made at the 1st International EIBURS-TAIPS Conference, which was hosted by the Department of Economics, Society and Politics of the University of Urbino (Italy) in April 2012.

International audience ; This paper is one of the first to discuss service sector productivity in Palestine. We have empirically addressed the main factors that are responsible for growth in productivity in the Palestinian service sector, and discussed the impact of intra-sectoral heterogeneity on the growth of productivity using a panel data provided by the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics. The results show that FDI has a positive and significant influence on the growth of labor productivity. Capital-intensive service sectors have a high influence on the growth of labor productivity compared to other sectors, while public services and traditional services such as retail trade, the sale and repair of motor vehicles and land transport are the main areas responsible for weak growth in service productivity. The political instability also negatively affects the growth of productivity in the service sector. In order to increase productivity in traditional services, new policies should be adopted, based on the use of ICTs. Government should adopt an efficient plan aimed at absorbing the thousands of unskilled workers who lost their jobs inside Israel, and this should be based not on expansion of the public sector but on the rehabilitation of these workers, employing them in the various economic sectors. Introduction The Palestinian economy faces many challenges. Firstly, it is highly dependent on the Israeli economy-more than 73% of Palestinian imports of goods and services originated in Israel in 2010 (PCBS, 2012). Secondly, the restrictions imposed upon it by Israel impede the development of a viable Palestinian economy. These restrictions take several forms: control over raw materials, control over the borders of Palestinian areas and prevention of the construction of industrial zones. They result in political instability, and they distort the investment climate. Thirdly, the productive sector suffers from a lack of competences and financial resources in both public and private sectors. The Palestinian Authority mainly depends on foreign aid to support its budget. The final challenge results from the technological revolution and strong growth in ICTs seen over the past two decades; this has accelerated economic openness and trade liberalization, creating a high competitive pressure on the Palestinian fragile economy.

International audience ; The objective of this Special Issue of Structural Change and Economic Dynamics is to contribute to fill the gap that can be observed in the literature as regards innovation in public services, at the theoretical, empirical and methodological level. In the following introductory notes, we will first describe the nature of this gap (which we shall refer to as "innovation gap") in academic research and in the statistics. Then we will briefly illustrate how it has been dealt with by the (scanty) previous literature on this topic. Section two will provide a synthetic close-up on each of the articles included in the Special Issue, and section three will conclude. The core of this collection of papers is drawn from presentations made at the 1st International EIBURS-TAIPS Conference, which was hosted by the Department of Economics, Society and Politics of the University of Urbino (Italy) in April 2012.

International audience ; This paper is one of the first to discuss service sector productivity in Palestine. We have empirically addressed the main factors that are responsible for growth in productivity in the Palestinian service sector, and discussed the impact of intra-sectoral heterogeneity on the growth of productivity using a panel data provided by the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics. The results show that FDI has a positive and significant influence on the growth of labor productivity. Capital-intensive service sectors have a high influence on the growth of labor productivity compared to other sectors, while public services and traditional services such as retail trade, the sale and repair of motor vehicles and land transport are the main areas responsible for weak growth in service productivity. The political instability also negatively affects the growth of productivity in the service sector. In order to increase productivity in traditional services, new policies should be adopted, based on the use of ICTs. Government should adopt an efficient plan aimed at absorbing the thousands of unskilled workers who lost their jobs inside Israel, and this should be based not on expansion of the public sector but on the rehabilitation of these workers, employing them in the various economic sectors. Introduction The Palestinian economy faces many challenges. Firstly, it is highly dependent on the Israeli economy-more than 73% of Palestinian imports of goods and services originated in Israel in 2010 (PCBS, 2012). Secondly, the restrictions imposed upon it by Israel impede the development of a viable Palestinian economy. These restrictions take several forms: control over raw materials, control over the borders of Palestinian areas and prevention of the construction of industrial zones. They result in political instability, and they distort the investment climate. Thirdly, the productive sector suffers from a lack of competences and financial resources in both public and private sectors. The Palestinian ...