The scientific article is devoted to the videoconferencing in court proceedings by international law and the law of some European Union countries. The videoconferencing definition, the right to justice protection on the main international legal sources about the trial regulation and human rights to justice protection bases are studied, the procedural stages of court hearings by videoconference are analyzed. Carrying out comparative legal research at our country present stage legal transformation and development, especially related to the emergence of new, modern legal relations, is primarily due to the need to receive international and foreign experience and, consequently, improve current national legislation. It has been established, that the latest technologies introduction in the judicial process at the national and international levels has both advantages and disadvantages and is closely related to the protection and implementation of the right to justice. Normative legal acts about the right to justice consolidation are primary regarding the right of participants in court proceedings to participate in it by videoconference. The attractive side of conducting court hearings online includes: the availability of litigation for all participants, regardless of their location, saving time and money, compliance with legal requirements for the duration of litigation, and so on. Despite the general legal consolidation of the possibility of holding videoconferences in Ukraine and the EU, the procedural features of the rights and obligations of participants in such proceedings remain unclear, as well as unspecified issues regarding the application of different types of technical equipment depending on the conditions of video calls, the possibility of holding meetings outside the court in emergency conditions, etc.
The article focuses on aspects of the transitional justice implemented in the Republic of Latvia after the restoration of its independence. The case of Latvia is examined through institutional reform, lustration, prosecution, politics of memory, truth-seeking, rehabilitation and reparations. In addition, Latvia's state policy regarding citizenship played a decisive role in addressing an array of problems inherited from the Soviet period.
The main purpose of this study is to highlight the state policy in Latvia, which achieved a high level of protection of the national interests during the transition period, while minimizing risks for its territorial integrity and social unity.
Latvia's experience proves that transitional justice has ensured the country's democratic progress as well as its integration to the EU and NATO. The implemented reforms and institutional changes in the public administration system have laid the foundation for effective decision-making and policy implementation in Latvia. Hence, Latvia among those European countries, which have been providing Ukraine with political and diplomatic support as well as tangible military and humanitarian aid since the beginning of Russia's full-scale invasion of Ukraine.
A comparative assessment of Latvia and Ukraine is appropriate, because both countries had to overcome similar challenges associated with the Soviet occupation and then treats emanating from the Russian Federation. The author argues that this Baltic country has achieved successful results due to a comprehensive state policy of transitional justice. This assessment also considers the main missteps and mistakes that Ukraine made in its domestic and foreign policy in the post-Soviet period.
Based on a proposed examination of Latvia's practices, the author makes a number of recommendations for forming a transitional justice model in Ukraine. The findings indicate that some effective Latvian approaches and measures can be adapted in Ukraine to overcome the consequences of the war and problems related to the temporary occupation of part of the Ukrainian territory.
The article analyzes the experience of German reintegration after the FRG (West Germany) and the GDR (East Germany) were reunified in 1990. The analysis is focused on the process of state and national reconciliation.
In the unified Germany, fundamental changes in the political and legal systems as well as social and economic models have been implemented due to its comprehensive policy of integration. The transition to a democratic system of governance required political and legal institutional reforms. In particular, a lustration policy was implemented to establish new state bodies, including law enforcement, security, judicial and others, and support their institutional restructuring.
The policy of transitional justice in Germany ensured prosecutions for crimes and human rights violations during the GDR regime, compensations and reparations to the regime's victims, truth-seeking, fact-finding and restoring justice. These multi-purpose measures have also led to crucial changes in the mentality of German society.
The politics of memory and truth-seeking mechanisms have played a pivotal role in the willingness of German society to acknowledge and overcome the totalitarian and authoritarian past.
The article emphasizes the importance of a strong democratic transformation as well as economic growth and social development in the successful reintegration of Germany. Despite the fact that the country's reunification has had a positive effect, there are still some negative trends and noticeable differences between East and West Germany.
The main purpose of the study is to assess the prospects for integration in Ukraine based on an analysis of Germany's case of successful transformation and reunification. The findings indicate that the experience of German reunification and democratic transition contains a number of effective mechanisms, measures and practices that can be adapted in Ukraine for the future reintegration of the temporarily occupied territories.
Thank you very much, Monica. Let me start with a side remark that four years ago, the General Assembly adopted the decision designating the seventh of April, today, as an International Day on Reflection of Genocide in Rwanda. And it was suggested that the day of reflection, again today, offered an opportunity to consider the factors that had led to mass atrocity. And to renew the collective pledge of "Never again." It is very symbolic. "Never again." But it is going on right now. Harold just referenced to Bucha. So let us renew our pledge.
The article is devoted to the analysis of the influence of Russian propaganda on relations between the European Union member states and its eastern neighbors in the case of Poland and Ukraine. The analysis is related to an issue that can be formulated as the following research question: how exactly does propaganda affect domestic and foreign policy processes in countries? A multidisciplinary approach to the study of the impact of political propaganda enabled the use of such methods as: systemic, institutional, structural-functional, content analysis, and descriptive. The article gives definition and main characteristics of the concept of propaganda in political context. Special attention is paid to reasons for the successful use of propaganda by Russia in fanning the conflict in Ukraine, which is presented in the article. The complex of means and methods used in Russia's information policy to influence Western countries is denoted. The author presents the main narratives of Russian propaganda, and identifies the features of its pressure on interstate relations between Ukraine and Poland by analysing articles in pro-Russian periodicals of Poland and Ukraine. Conclusions are drawn on the need for strong international resistance to Russian propaganda, and to define the shortcomings of the system for countering Russian information aggression in general and propaganda in particular.
The paper provides the linguistic analysis of verbalising apocalyptic motifs and images in the media texts, devoted to the topical processes of Brexit and Ukrainian elections. It was confirmed that these motifs and images serve as a tool for influencing the recipients and noted that the consideration of the linguistic realization of images and motifs in the texts of media resources refers to the rapidly developing field of media linguistics. The word families, enriching Ukrainian and English with the neologisms related to the above extra-linguistic processes were singled out. The semantic fields of the considered images and motifs were described. Suggestions for further research were outlined.
The article analyzes the experience of the Balkan countries in de-occupation and reintegration of territories. Cases of conflicts in Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and Macedonia (Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia in 1993–2019, North Macedonia since 2019) are being studied. The analysis is based on a study of all stages of conflict resolution.
The article examines the sequence of key aspects of the settlement. Consideration of all stages of armed conflicts in the Balkan region has shown that international peace-keeping missions, with military and civilian components, play a significant role. The participation of various international organizations (UN, NATO, EU) and countries (USA) and in resolving those conflicts and further integration also had a decisive influence.
The reintegration processes in Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina and Macedonia were based on peace agreements, as well as the full restoration of border and territory controlling. The next stage was to ensure demilitarization and disarmament. The fully fledged process of integration also included law enforcement reform, election preparation and conduct. The issues of post-war justice, punishment for war crimes and mass human rights violations were among the top priorities. In the implementation of all these reintegration measures, international organizations were involved, which actively provided assistance and performed a monitoring function.
Among the necessary conditions for de-occupation and peaceful reintegration are the following: consolidation and consistency of the positions of the political and military leadership, the presence of a powerful army, implementation of sanctions, economic and military-political pressure on the aggressor side, demilitarization and control of the territory, justice and amnesty with fixed frameworks.
The prospect of further research is that valuable experience with conflict resolution settlement and reintegration contains effective mechanisms that can be adapted in the case of Ukraine.
Tourism as a social phenomenon has attracted the attention of marketers throughout all stages of its development. Successful cooperation between tourism entities and customers is based on communication. The persuasive power of advertising language is very much experienced today. The same happens in relation to tourism marketing materials. In fact, in order to attract the attention of the viewers, the travel companies choose various signs to express their notion of the brand. Hence, there exist different approaches in tourism marketing to attract and convince potential tourists to book a tourism product. The present article elucidates and discusses important aspects in relation to the language of tourism and the ways of its analysis for detecting persuasive techniques that are used to allure potential tourists. In this regard, the speech impact on travel advertising is realized by convincing a potential customer of the need for service / product. When advertising a travel product, the advertiser influences the consumer, attracting various effective means to intensify his desire to purchase travel services (travel product). The paper reviews the elements of persuasive tourism marketing such as structured communication, storytelling, copywriting, neuromarketing; Cialdini' (2001) persuasion techniques to influence people, namely, reciprocation, commitment and consistency, social proof, liking, authority, and scarcity. The article also highlights gender-targeting factors as important components in selecting an appropriate persuasive strategy when designing tourism promotional materials. The result section provides the real examples of deployment of the mentioned strategies in influencing the audience by the websites of "Karpaty" and "Solva" resorts. All these techniques form a theoretical framework for researches on persuasiveness and are worth attention as they play a main role in promotion of any kind. The data collection of this study will provide updated information in relation to rhetoric of tourism.
The paper studies the theoretical and methodological principles, regularities, and new trends in the formation of international production networks (IPNs) in the global economic space. It determines the imperatives of their development, substantiating the priority nature of integrating national actors into IPNs. The author applies the methods of fuzzy clustering and classification using the artificial intelligence technologies to data on the dynamics of key economic and technological markers of 35 countries in the 2007–2016 time frame.The work identifies a clustering-like structure in the sample country set; allowing determining patterns in the correlation between a country's manifested potential for ascending into and within international production networks and certain development and international integration indicators. The sample is thus grouped into six clusters based on the degree of integration into IPNs. Due to the use of classification analysis, the rules for assigning a country to a particular cluster were obtained. According to the results of the study, it was concluded that the main imperative for the development of international production networks is innovative development. The overall concept of localization of Ukrainian enterprises at all stages of value creation within networks was offered.
The scientific article is devoted to the videoconferencing in court proceedings by international law and the law of some European Union countries. The videoconferencing definition, the right to justice protection on the main international legal sources about the trial regulation and human rights to justice protection bases are studied, the procedural stages of court hearings by videoconference are analyzed.Carrying out comparative legal research at our country present stage legal transformation and development, especially related to the emergence of new, modern legal relations, is primarily due to the need to receive international and foreign experience and, consequently, improve current national legislation.It has been established, that the latest technologies introduction in the judicial process at the national and international levels has both advantages and disadvantages and is closely related to the protection and implementation of the right to justice. Normative legal acts about the right to justice consolidation are primary regarding the right of participants in court proceedings to participate in it by videoconference.The attractive side of conducting court hearings online includes: the availability of litigation for all participants, regardless of their location, saving time and money, compliance with legal requirements for the duration of litigation, and so on.Despite the general legal consolidation of the possibility of holding videoconferences in Ukraine and the EU, the procedural features of the rights and obligations of participants in such proceedings remain unclear, as well as unspecified issues regarding the application of different types of technical equipment depending on the conditions of video calls, the possibility of holding meetings outside the court in emergency conditions, etc. ; Научная статья посвящена проведению судебных заседаний в режиме видеоконференций по международному законодательству и законодательству некоторых стран Европейского Союза. Изучены понятия видеоконференция, защита права на правосудие на основные международно-правовых источников регулирования проведения судебного процесса и защиты прав человека на осуществление правосудия, проведен анализ процессуальных стадий судебных заседаний в режиме видеоконференций.Проведение указанных сравнительно-правовых исследований на современном этапе правовой трансформации и развития нашей страны, особенно связанных с появлением новых, современных правоотношений, вызвано, прежде всего, необходимостью рецепции международного и зарубежного опыта и, как следствие, улучшение текущего национального законодательства.Установлено, что внедрение новейших технологий в судебный процесс на национальном и международном уровне имеет как ряд преимуществ, так и свои недостатки и тесно связан с защитой и реализацией права на правосудие. Нормативно-правовые акты, в которых закреплению право на правосудие, являются первичными по отношению к праву участников судебного процесса на участие в нем путем проведения видеоконференции.К преимуществам ведения судебных заседаний в режиме онлайн могут быть отнесены: доступность судебного процесса для всех участников независимо от их места нахождения, экономия времени и средств, выполнение законодательных требований относительно срока ведения судебных дел и тому подобное.Несмотря на общее юридическое закрепление возможности проведения судебных заседаний в режиме видеоконференций в Украине и в странах ЕС, до сих пор остаются юридически неопределенными процессуальные особенности прав и обязанностей участников таких процессов, неконкретизирован вопрос о порядке применения различных видов технического оборудования в зависимости от условий проведения видеосвязи, возможности проведения заседаний вне суда в чрезвычайных условиях и тому подобное ; Наукова стаття присвячена проведенню судових засідань в режимі відеоконференцій за міжнародним законодавством та законодавством деяких країн Європейського Союзу. Вивчені поняття відеоконференція, захист права на правосуддя на основні міжнародно-правових джерел з регулювання проведення судового процесу та захисту прав людини на здійснення правосуддя, проведений аналіз процесуальних стадій судових засідань в режимі відеоконференцій.Проведення вказаних порівняльно-правових досліджень на сучасному етапі правової трансформації та розвитку нашої країни, особливо пов'язаних з появою нових, сучасних правовідносин, викликано, перш за все, необхідністю рецепції міжнародного та зарубіжного досвіду та, як слідство, вдосконалення поточного національного законодавства.Встановлено, що впровадження новітніх технологічних в судовий процес на національному та міжнародному рівні має як низьку переваг, так і свої недоліки та тісно пов'язані з захистом та реалізацією права на правосуддя. Нормативно-правові акти щодо закріплення права на правосуддя є первісними щодо права учасників судового процесу на участь в ньому шляхом проведення відеоконференції.До привабливої сторони ведення судових засідань в онлайн режимі можуть бути віднесені: доступність судового процесу для всіх його учасників незалежно від їх місця знаходження, економія часу та коштів, виконання законодавчих вимог щодо строку ведення судових справ тощо.Не дивлячись на загальне юридичне закріплення можливості проведення судових засідань в режимі відеоконференцій в Україні та в країнах ЄС, досі залишаються юридично невизначеними процесуальні особливості прав та обов'язків учасників таких процесів, неконкретизовані питання щодо порядку застосування різних видів технічного обладнання в залежності від умов проведення відеозв'язку, можливості проведення засідань поза межами суду в надзвичайних умовах тощо
The article is devoted to the analysis of the influence of Russian propaganda on relations between the European Union member states and its eastern neighbors in the case of Poland and Ukraine. The analysis is related to an issue that can be formulated as the following research question: how exactly does propaganda affect domestic and foreign policy processes in countries? A multidisciplinary approach to the study of the impact of political propaganda enabled the use of such methods as: systemic, institutional, structural-functional, content analysis, and descriptive. The article gives definition and main characteristics of the concept of propaganda in political context. Special attention is paid to reasons for the successful use of propaganda by Russia in fanning the conflict in Ukraine, which is presented in the article. The complex of means and methods used in Russia's information policy to influence Western countries is denoted. The author presents the main narratives of Russian propaganda, and identifies the features of its pressure on interstate relations between Ukraine and Poland by analysing articles in pro-Russian periodicals of Poland and Ukraine. Conclusions are drawn on the need for strong international resistance to Russian propaganda, and to define the shortcomings of the system for countering Russian information aggression in general and propaganda in particular. ; Artykuł jest poświęcony analizie wpływu propagandy rosyjskiej na relacje państw członkowskich Unii Europejskiej z sąsiadami na Wschodzie na przykładzie Polski i Ukrainy. Przeprowadzona analiza dotyczy problemu, który może być zdefiniowany w formie zapytania: w jaki sposób może mieć wpływ propaganda na wewnętrzne oraz zewnętrzno-polityczne procesy państw. Wielodyscyplinarne podejście do poznania wpływu propagandy politycznej pozwolił zwrócić się do następujących metod: systemowa, instytucjonalna, strukturalno-funkcjonalna, analiza treści oraz deskryptywna. Artykuł wyznacza pojęcia oraz podstawowe charakterystyki pojęcia propagandy w kontekście politycznym. Szczegółową uwagę przydzielono ujawnieniu przyczyn powodzenia wykorzystania propagandy przez Rosję w celu eskalacji konfliktu na terenie Ukrainy oraz podane są przykłady. Na podstawie analizy artykułów w prorosyjskich publikacjach Polski i Ukrainy, autorka podaje podstawowe narracje propagandy rosyjskiej oraz wyznacza właściwości jej nacisku na międzypaństwowe relacje między Ukrainą a Polską. Wyciąga wnioski o konieczności mocnego międzynarodowego stawiania oporu propagandzie rosyjskiej oraz wyznaczenia wad systemu przeciwdziałania rosyjskiej agresji informacyjnej ogólnie i propagandzie w szczególności.
