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While those who watch TV news primarily to gain information recall more than others, casual viewers recall more than those seeking diversion or both diversion and information.

Using a critical events theoretic analytic lens, we argue that the Covid-19 pandemic had the disruptive power to shake the foundation of sports fanship, much as it affected all aspects of contemporary life across the globe. We conducted a survey of 613 adults in the United States, all of whom self-identified as sports fans. Sports fanship avidity dipped during the height of the pandemic when games, matches, and seasons were cancelled or conducted in protective bubbles without fans in the stands. That dip was temporary. With sports back in full-throttle mode, fanship avidity returned to pre-pandemic levels. Those who identified as strong fans appeared to cherish its return, some even more avid than before. The impact of the pandemic on sports fanship was most acute among those who were not ardent sports fans to begin with—and its impact appears to have extended over time.

This article, presenting telephone survey data gathered in Japan and the US, presents a cross system examination of the diffusion process. Because Japan and the US have highly developed and readily accessible news media, the authors anticipated that diffusion in both countries would be relatively rapid and extensive, occurring primarily through mediated channels of communication. Since the event also was seen as more salient in Japan, the authors expected diffusion to be more rapid and extensive in Japan, with interpersonal channels playing a more active role in the process. These expectations were confirmed by the data. News coverage and accessibility of the media may be as central as salience in dictating how rapidly and extensively events diffuse throughout society, as well as how members of society become aware of events.