Suchergebnisse

During the last few decades, income inequality in emerging Asian economies has been increased dramatically. It is widely recognized that income inequality has severely impacted population health. This study attempts to estimate the impact of income inequality on health outcomes in emerging Asian economies for a time horizon ranging from 1991 to 2019. Our empirical analysis shows that income inequality has a negative effect on life expectancy in the long run. We also find that positive changes in income inequality decrease life expectancy, but a negative change in income inequality increases life expectancy in the long run in emerging Asian economies. The symmetric and asymmetric results are robust to different measures of econometric methods. Thus, governments should pay more attention to the consequences of their economic policies on income inequality to improve health outcomes.

Intro -- Contents -- 1 Overview of Greenhouse Gases and Global Warming -- Abstract -- 1.1 Evidence for Climate Change -- 1.1.1 Extreme Extremes -- 1.1.2 El Nino -- 1.1.3 Biological Systems -- 1.1.4 Water Cycle -- 1.2 CO2 as a Greenhouse Gas -- 1.2.1 Increase in Emissions -- 1.3 Actions to Reduce CO2 Emission -- 1.4 Mitigation Techniques -- 1.4.1 Land Management Practices -- 1.4.2 Biochar Sequestration -- 1.4.3 Energy Efficiency -- 1.4.4 Alternative Energy Sources -- 1.4.4.1 Natural Gas -- 1.4.4.2 Biomass Combustion -- 1.4.4.3 Fuel Cells -- 1.4.4.4 Biomass to Liquid Automotive Fuel -- 1.4.4.5 Cellulosic Ethanol -- 1.5 Conclusion -- References -- 2 Overview of CO2 Capture Technology -- Abstract -- 2.1 Rationale for CO2 Capture Technology -- 2.2 Research on Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) -- 2.3 Carbon Capture Processes in Power Plants -- 2.3.1 Pre-combustion -- 2.3.2 Oxy-fuel Combustion -- 2.3.3 Post-combustion -- 2.4 CO2 Capture Technology at Different Stages -- 2.5 Selection of Capture Technology -- 2.5.1 Absorbents -- 2.5.2 Adsorbents -- 2.5.3 Cryogenic Distillation -- 2.5.4 Membranes -- 2.5.5 Gas Hydrates -- 2.5.6 Chemical Looping -- 2.6 Carbon Capture Process in Power Plant Applications -- 2.6.1 Iron and Steel Production -- 2.6.2 Cement Production -- 2.6.3 Purification of Natural Gas Streams -- 2.7 Transport and Storage of CO2 -- 2.7.1 Transport -- 2.7.2 Storage -- 2.8 Conclusion -- References -- 3 Adsorbents for CO2 Capture -- Abstract -- 3.1 Adsorbents Overview -- 3.2 Determining the Feasibility for CO2 Capture -- 3.2.1 Screening Adsorbents -- 3.2.2 Properties that Are Screened for -- 3.2.2.1 Surface Area -- 3.2.2.2 Pore Size -- 3.2.2.3 Electrostatic Interactions -- 3.2.2.4 Gravimetric CO2 Uptake -- 3.2.2.5 Volumetric Capacity -- 3.2.2.6 Heat of Formation -- 3.2.2.7 Gas Selectivity -- 3.2.3 Langmuir Isotherm -- 3.3 Organic Adsorbents.

Abstract
Ethanol metabolism plays an essential role in how the body perceives and experiences alcohol consumption, and evidence suggests that modulation of ethanol metabolism can alter the risk for alcohol use disorder (AUD). In this review, we explore how ethanol metabolism, mainly via alcohol dehydrogenase and aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2), contributes to drinking behaviors by integrating preclinical and clinical findings. We discuss how alcohol dehydrogenase and ALDH2 polymorphisms change the risk for AUD, and whether we can harness that knowledge to design interventions for AUD that alter ethanol metabolism. We detail the use of disulfiram, RNAi strategies, and kudzu/isoflavones to inhibit ALDH2 and increase acetaldehyde, ideally leading to decreases in drinking behavior. In addition, we cover recent preclinical evidence suggesting that strategies other than increasing acetaldehyde-mediated aversion can decrease ethanol consumption, providing other potential metabolism-centric therapeutic targets. However, modulating ethanol metabolism has inherent risks, and we point out some of the key areas in which more data are needed to mitigate these potential adverse effects. Finally, we present our opinions on the future of treating AUD by the modulation of ethanol metabolism.

Fear of missing out (FOMO) has been identified as a potential driver of ignoring or snubbing others by focusing on one's phone during social interactions (phubbing). Drawing on the interaction of person–affect–cognition–execution model, we recruited 536 Chinese undergraduates
to investigate the mediating effect of self-control and the moderating effect of mindfulness in the relationship between FOMO and phubbing. Results showed that FOMO was positively linked to phubbing and this association was partially mediated by self-control. Furthermore, mindfulness moderated
the link between FOMO and self-control. Our findings also emphasize the significance of undergraduates' mindfulness as a buffer against the detrimental impact of FOMO on self-control. We suggest effective strategies for addressing phubbing caused by FOMO.