Suchergebnisse

The authors examine the characteristics and determinants of urban public-housing investment in the People's Republic of China. After discussing the characteristics of the state-controlled urban housing sector through the 1970s and the market-oriented reform in the 1980s to commodity urban housing, they use regression analysis to estimate the effects of several factors on urban public-housing investment in 1984 and 1987. The role of the state in housing investment in China's cities weakened, and the effect of reform-related factors became stronger. State redistribution maintained a stronger effect on public-housing investment in inland cities than in coastal cities, where deeper market-oriented reform further dampened the state's influence on public-housing investment.

Abstract The objective of this study is to examine female labor force participation and its determinants in rural and urban China. The sociological literature has demonstrated that participation tends to increase in urban and industrialized places where women have higher levels of education and fewer children, where more workers are engaged in service pursuits, and where family structure is less traditional. With the use of data on counties and cities (N = 2,377) from the I‐percent sample of the 1982 census of the People's Republic of China, it was found that female labor force participation is likely to rise in areas with increased agricultural employment, educational levels, proportion of female‐headed households, and higher male‐to‐female sex ratios. Both the size of the service sector and the fertility rate had negligible effects on female labor force participation. Although, on average, rural places have slightly higher levels of female labor force participation, when other variables are controlled, urban places have a higher rate of female participation. In addition, the findings suggest that market factors (i.e., education) are more likely to determine the rate of female labor force participation in urban areas; whereas demographic and social factors (i.e., sex ratio and household structure) play a more important role in explaining the female labor force participation in rural counties.