Suchergebnisse

Translated from the Spanish by Steinar Hansson and Hazel Johnson.

THE CHILEAN REVOLUTIONARY EXPERIENCE HAS MORE THAN enough characteristics to arouse admiration amongst those who support it and astonishment or scepticism among everyone else. A rapid glance backwards is enough to establish that their non-institutional legitimation is a factor common to practically all revolutions, ancient or modern. To such a point that political theory has devised the category of revolutionuy legitimation in order to compare it with other (religious, dynastic, historical, democratic etc.) categories. Revolutionary movements have always sought justification of their raison d'être in the causes or goals which have motivated them. Usually these goals have been in conflict with those forming the bases of the pre-existing system of political institutions. Hence revolution seems to be associated with conflict against institutionalism, and the triumph of the revolution seems to have involved the institutional collapse of the former regime.

THE USE OF THE CYBERNETIC MODEL IN POLITICAL SOCIOLOGY HAS provided the tools for a more precise categorization of a multiplicity of political phenomena. A whole series of often very diverse activities with few reciprocal links are classified around the concepts of 'pressures', 'demands' and 'supports' brought to bear on the system. 'Inputs' flow from outside the system and outputs respond from within. This provides the social scientist with a more refined theoretical instrument for analysis and classification. As such, David Easton's system is va1uable. It is perhaps the most representative of its kind.

Desde el momento mismo de la conquista y establecimiento de los españoles en el Nuevo Mundo ha sido de importancia singular el problema de la aculturación de la población indígena. En la primera mitad del siglo XVI se planteó una amplia discusión doctrinal con profundas consecuencias prácticas, en la que fueron agentes activos centrales las más altas instancias políticas y administrativas del Estado español coetáneo, desde el Consejo de Indias a la persona del propio Monarca, encontrándose en el origen de las más importantes decisiones de orden legislativo adoptadas por la Corona, con sus momentos culminantes en la Junta de Burgos, mandada reunir por Fernando III de Aragón en 1512 para estudiar expresamente la problemática humana e ideológica (en la época esencialmente religiosa) de los indios americanos, y en las Leyes Nuevas de 1542 promulgadas por Carlos V bajo la immediata influencia del "grupo de presión" del que era figura prominente el dominico Bartolomé de las Casas.