Suchergebnisse

La presente tesis doctoral consiste en el estudio de la novela gótica española (1801-1834), tratándose de una investigación minuciosa acerca del origen, el desarrollo, las principales características y los autores más destacados de la novela gótica dentro del contexto histórico, político, social, cultural y estético de España. Emplearemos una metodología heterogénea, pero intencionalmente complementaria, para llevar a cabo este estudio. Dicha metodología nos servirá como medio para combinar dos capítulos interrelacionados: un capítulo teórico-descriptivo — Estado de la cuestión—, que nace tras el análisis de las investigaciones realizadas por Miriam López Santos, David Roas, María José Alonso Seoane y Luis Alberto de Cuenca, entre otros, y otro capítulo que surge a raíz de la lectura y el análisis de un corpus de novelas góticas españolas—Estudio de campo—. De este modo, pretendemos demostrar que sí existió la novela gótica en España en los últimos años del Antiguo Régimen, sacando a la luz obras que han permanecido en el olvido durante casi dos siglos, pero que creemos firmemente que nos ayudan a configurar la evolución de la literatura española y a entender mejor las obras sucesivas, concediéndole a estas predecesoras el reconocimiento que se les ha negado hasta ahora. Abstract: The present doctoral thesis focuses on the study of the Spanish gothic novel (1801-1834), being a detailed research on the origins, the development, the main characteristics and the most prominent writers of the gothic novel within the historical, political, social, cultural and aesthetic context of Spain. A heterogeneous, but intendedly complementary methodology will be used in order to carry out this research. This methodology will serve as a means to combine two interrelated chapters: a theoreticaldescriptive chapter —State of the Art—, which arose from the analysis of the researches carried out by Miriam López Santos, David Roas, María José Alonso Seoane and Luis Alberto de Cuenca, among others, and another chapter that arose from the reading and the analysis of a corpus of Spanish gothic novels —Field Study—. Thus, we hope to demonstrate that the gothic novel did indeed exist in Spain during the last years of the Old Regime, bringing to light works that have been neglected for nearly two centuries, but we firmly believe that they help us to map the development of the Spanish literatureand to understand better the successive works, granting to these predecessors the recognition which until now has been denied to them.

AbstractAre levels of criminal violence lower where emigrants collaborate with the state authorities in the funding and provision of public goods and services? In this article, I examine the causal effect on violence levels in the municipalities participating in Mexico's Three‐for‐One (3×1) Programme for Migrants. Using municipal‐level data for the period between 2001 and 2010, the analysis shows that the implementation of this programme led to an increase in violence in the municipalities in question, and that this effect is driven by the 'war on drugs' initiated by the Mexican government in 2006. Because cartels splinter when kingpins are captured, they look for sources of revenue other than drug smuggling. The budgetary gains obtained via the 3×1 Programme inadvertently increased the returns of extortion and directed the attention of organized criminals to the participant municipalities. The evidence highlights some of the unintended effects that the leveraging of emigrants' money may have in home countries where governments make the so‐called 'kingpin strategy' a centrepiece of their security strategy.

This work examines whether the size, as well as the composition, of legislative coalitions is an additional factor that affects the incidence of protests against national governments in Latin America. Based on aggregate data for 18 democracies from 1980 to 2014, the analysis reveals that the relationship between the size of legislative coalitions in the lower house of national assemblies and the odds of antigovernment protests is U-shaped. Specifically, the odds of antigovernment protests occurring decrease until the president has a coalition comprising 50–55 percent of the national assembly; once this threshold is passed, the odds of protests taking place increase as the coalition grows. This result holds after controlling for the party composition of the governing coalition and other factors previously linked to the occurrence of antigovernment protests. The evidence thus indicates that both minority and supermajority scenarios can be socially destabilizing for Latin American democracies.

El Anteproyecto de Ley de resolución alternativa de conflictos de consumo se encarga de transponer el contenido de la Directiva 2013/11/UE, que busca mejorar y armonizar los procedimientos de resolución alternativa de conflictos con consumidores en el ámbito de la Unión, incluyendo los servicios financieros. La nueva regulación adolece de carencias e incoherencias en lo que concierne a la adecuación del nuevo procedimiento de resolución a la realidad de las reclamaciones formuladas por los usuarios de servicios financieros. El presente artículo identifica y analiza aquellos aspectos controvertidos de la normativa que hacen dudar de su implantación en el sector financiero. ; The Draft Bill on Alternative Dispute Resolution for Consumer Disputes that transposes the Directive 2013/11/EU seeks to improve and harmonize the alternative dispute resolution proceedings within the European Union, including financial services. The new regulation has legislative gaps and inconsistences with regard to the suitability of the new ADR proceeding to the customer complaints´ reality. This paper identifies and analyses those controversial aspects of the new regulation that leave serious doubts about their efficiency in the financial sector.

El presente artículo analiza las consecuencias jurídicas y las medidas adoptadas para la protección de los deudores hipotecarios, en concreto, en la Ley 1/2013, de 14 de mayo, de medidas para reforzar la protección de los deudores hipotecarios, reestructuración de la deuda y alquiler social, dictada como consecuencia de la Sentencia del Tribunal de Justicia de la Unión Europea de 14 de marzo de 2013 que declaraba que la normativa hipotecaria española era contraria a la Directiva 93/13/CEE sobre cláusulas abusivas. En especial, se centra en la posibilidad del juez de controlar de oficio el carácter abusivo de las cláusulas contractuales en el seno de un procedimiento de ejecución hipotecaria. This paper analyses both the legal consequences and the measures taken within the mortgagors´ protection. Specifically, it is focus on the Law 1/2013, May 14, of measures to strengthen the protection of the mortgagors, debt restructuring and social rental, as a consequence of the Judgment of the Court of Justice of the European Union of 14 March, which declared that the Spanish mortgage Law was opposed to the Directive 93/13/EEC, on unfair terms in consumer contracts. This paper studies the control of fairness made by the judge within a foreclosure process.

El presente artículo analiza las consecuencias jurídicas y las medidas adoptadas para la protección de los deudores hipotecarios, en concreto, en la Ley 1/2013, de 14 de mayo, de medidas para reforzar la protección de los deudores hipotecarios, reestructuración de la deuda y alquiler social, dictada como consecuencia de la Sentencia del Tribunal de Justicia de la Unión Europea de 14 de marzo de 2013 que declaraba que la normativa hipotecaria española era contraria a la Directiva 93/13/CEE sobre cláusulas abusivas. En especial, se centra en la posibilidad del juez de controlar de oficio el carácter abusivo de las cláusulas contractuales en el seno de un procedimiento de ejecución hipotecaria. This paper analyses both the legal consequences and the measures taken within the mortgagors´ protection. Specifically, it is focus on the Law 1/2013, May 14, of measures to strengthen the protection of the mortgagors, debt restructuring and social rental, as a consequence of the Judgment of the Court of Justice of the European Union of 14 March, which declared that the Spanish mortgage Law was opposed to the Directive 93/13/EEC, on unfair terms in consumer contracts. This paper studies the control of fairness made by the judge within a foreclosure process.

Actualmente, el consumo total de agua en los países desarrollados destinado a uso industrial representa un 59% según se constata en el Primer Informe de Naciones Unidas sobre el Desarrollo de los Recursos Hídricos del Mundo, Agua para todos, Agua para la vida (Marzo 2003). Más de un 80% de los deshechos peligrosos del mundo se producen en los países industrializados y, en las naciones en vías de desarrollo, un 70% de las aguas residuales se vierten al agua sin ningún tratamiento previo, contaminando así los recursos hídricos disponibles. Según estos datos, el tratamiento y la reutilización de aguas residuales del sector industrial en el mundo son de especial relevancia, y más aún en países que saldan su balance de recursos hídricos con números rojos. Este es el caso de España, la nación europea con mayor déficit hídrico. La industria textil es una de las industrias que utilizan grandes cantidades de agua. Las aguas residuales procedentes de los distintos procesos de manufactura son potencialmente tóxicas y altamente coloreadas debido al alto contenido en contaminantes orgánicos, entre los que se encuentran los colorantes textiles no fijados a las fibras. Como consecuencia, es necesario un tratamiento previo antes de su descarga. Este problema es particularmente acusado en el caso de los colorantes reactivos. En la presente Tesis Doctoral se ha estudiado la viabilidad del tratamiento electroquímico de aguas textiles qe contienen colorantes reactivos. El objetivo principal es conseguir aguas decoloradas con un contenido en materia orgánica significativamente inferior al valor inicial. En última instancia, la aplicación del tratamiento electroquímico contempla la reutilización del agua en los distintos procesos textiles con la intención de solventar los problemas de escasez de agua, las enormes presiones medioambientales en el ámbito jurídico y legislativo y el aumento del coste del agua. ; Del Río García, AI. (2011). ESTUDIO DE LA REDUCCIÓN, OXIDACIÓN Y OXIDO-REDUCCIÓN ELECTROQUÍMICA APLICADO A LA DECOLORACIÓN / ...

Abstract
How does frontline corruption influence individuals' decisions to emigrate? Existing research has found that perceptions of grand political corruption promote emigration, particularly among the highly educated. In this article, we shift the focus to the role of frontline corruption in driving emigration decisions and distinguish between the effects of the payment of bribes to frontline bureaucrats and those of nepotism in public employment. Using data from the Balkan Barometer for the period 2018–21, we find that both bribe-paying experiences and perceived public-sector nepotism are important emigration drivers. Our findings also reveal that the more highly educated an individual is, the greater the influence of perceived nepotism on the emigration decision. However, the influence of first-hand experiences with bribery is larger and remains similar across education categories. Our analysis emphasizes the need to disaggregate the varied manifestations of corruption when examining the determinants of (high-skilled) emigration. This article contributes to our understanding of the drivers of emigration in the Western Balkans and the wider corruption–migration nexus.

How does the receipt of remittances shape recipients' attitudes towards taxation? We argue that remittances are likely to reduce support for the fiscal contract of taxes in exchange for public services because recipients rely less on the national economy and the state for their well-being. Remittance recipients can use the money sent by friends or family overseas to obtain public services in the private market instead of, or in addition to, tax-funded welfare services. In doing so, remittance recipients become detached from the national political community and develop a transactional relationship with the state whereby they pay licence fees, taxes and bribes to protect investment goods procured with remittances, making them less willing to support general taxation and more likely to approve of tax evasion and avoidance. We find strong support for our theory in analysis of survey data from Africa and Latin America. Our article contributes to knowledge of the micro-foundations of the fiscal contract and the political-economic effects of emigration and remittances on migrants' homelands.