Suchergebnisse

Published in: Scientometrics vol. 64, (3), 271-300, August 2005 ; Research quality is the cornerstone of modern science, it aids in the understanding of reputational differences among scientific and academic institutions. Traditionally, scientific activity is measured by a set of indicators and well-established bibliometric techniques based on the number of academic papers published in top-ranked journals or on the number of citation of these papers. These indicators are usually critical in measuring differences in research performance, both at individual and at scientific institutional levels. In this paper we introduce an alternative and complementary set of indicators based on the results of competition for research funding, that aim to enlarge the framework in which research performance has traditionally been measured. Theoretical support for this paper is found in the role that the search for funding plays in the researchers' credibility cycle as well as in peer review, the basic instrument for the allocation of public R&D funds. Our method analyses the outcomes of the researchers' struggle for funding, using data for research proposal applications and awards, as the unit of observation, and aggregating them by research institutions to rank them in relative scales of research competitiveness. ; Peer reviewed

Published in: OECD, Turning Science into Business: Patenting and Licensing at Public Research Organisations, 203-222, Paris: OECD, 2003. ; Current social and economic trends, dominated by market globalisation, technological innovation and the economics of information and knowledge, have renewed interest of both policy makers and social researchers in intellectual property rights (IPR) regimes (Maskus, 2000). In the specific field of scientific and technological research, IPR concerns are the protection of knowledge produced through international co-operation (EC, 2002a), the role of S&T policies (EC, 1999) and the management of IPR in the context of publicly funded research (EC, 2002b). The management of IPR in public research organisations (PROs) has been addressed mainly through legal protection and commercialisation of their scientific and technological research activities (OECD, 2002a; 2002b). Discussion of IPR and knowledge management in public research organisations (PROs)2 might be framed as part of a broader debate including: i) patterns of interaction and co-operation between academic research and business organisations; ii) alternative funding sources of R&D activities conducted by PROs; iii) the impact of strategic science and technology (S&T) policies; and iv) the legal framework for IPR protection. This chapter argues that the increasing relevance of strategic use of IPR in PROs is the combined effect over the last 15 years of three processes. First, the growth of the public research system (Muñoz et al., 1999). Second, the increasing relevance of "external funding", either from public competitive sources such as the national R&D plan and the EU RTD framework programmes or business funding (Sanz-Menéndez and Cruz, 2003). Third, the emergence and consolidation in these institutions of technology transfer offices (TTOs) aimed at fostering technology transfer and creating economic value from scientific research. Consequently, IPR management in Spanish PROs is related to the increase in the relevance of contract-based research which lead to the growth of patent applications, licensing agreements and exploitation of IPR by these institutions. Thus, protection of research outcomes and effective management of IPR in PROs are likely to be strongly associated with an increase in targeted research, funded with a view to competitive advantage, and more specifically with a tightening of the relationships between PROs and business firms. These trends cannot be isolated from the development of research management capabilities within PROs, commonly in their TTOs. ; Peer reviewed

Published at: Centre for Constitutional Studies magazine, 15: 161-181, 1993 Spain has faced a comprehensive process of change, a path of modernisation, bringing its structures and behaviour closer to Europe, following a complex transition of mocratic change. This article deals with science and technology, in the context of this extensive process of modernisation and change promoted by the Spanish government. ; Peer reviewed ; Published at: Centre for Constitutional Studies magazine, 15: 161-181, 1993 Spain has faced a comprehensive process of change, a path of modernisation, bringing its structures and behaviour closer to Europe, following a complex transition of mocratic change. This article deals with science and technology, in the context of this extensive process of modernisation and change promoted by the Spanish government. ; Publicado en: Revista del Centro de Estudios Constitucionales, 15: 161-181, 1993 España ha afrontado en los diez últimos años, y tras una compleja transición de mocrática un amplio proceso de cambio, una trayectoria de modernización, de acercamiento de sus estructuras y conductas a Europa. Este artículo trata de la ciencia y la tecnología, en el contexto de ese amplio proceso de modernización y cambio promovido desde el gobierno español.

Recently Technology Foresight (TF) exercises promoted by governments are spreading all over Europe However the forms that TF takes within each country are very diverse. First, in order to understand the importance of the policy context, as an example, we will explain the ''fate and fortune'' of foresight in Spain in relation to the attempts to bring it into the science and technology (S&T) policy agenda and will analyse the institutional constraints over the development of TF. The second part of this paper is related to the extent in which TF is a useful tool for policy making. We will enlighten the analysis with the use of the theory of decision making, especially by reflecting on the role of the information emerging from TF as legitimation for policy makers, but more importantly on the promising use of TF for coordination within national innovation systems. ; Publicado

Printed in International Journal of Technology Management, 21 (7-8): 661-679, 2001. ; Recently Technology Foresight (TF) exercises promoted by governments are spreading all over Europe, however the forms that TF takes within each country is very diverse. First, in order to understand the importance of the policy context, as an example, we will explain the "fate and fortune" of foresight in Spain in relation to the attempts to bring it into the science and technology (S&T) policy agenda and will analyse the institutional constraints over the development of TF. The second part of this paper is related to the extent in which TF is a useful tool for policy making. We will enlighten the analysis with the use of the theory of decision making, especially in the reflection on the role of the information emerging from TF as legitimation for policy makers, but more importantly on the promising use of TF for coordination within national innovation systems. ; This paper has been produced in the context of the research project Foresight as a tool for the Management of Knowledge Flows and Innovation, funded by the IV R&D Framework Programme of the European Union (TSER Programme -SOE1-CT97-1056) and the III National R&D Plan (SEC-98-1539-CE). ; Peer reviewed