Suchergebnisse

Abstract Chocó is a remote and biodiverse region located on Colombia's Northern Pacific Coast. The region is home to indigenous Embera and Afro-descendant communities. Both communities share and contest a legacy of colonisation, violence, dispossession and discrimination. This thesis explores the ways in which the local communities of Chocó challenge and transform the matters that concern them. It focuses on their concerns over the effects of biodiversity conservation, development, and drug trade on their communities. It first investigates the challenges associated with doing research concerning both global and local concerns. Then, based on ethnographic fieldwork conducted in Chocó, it develops a methodology to address environmental value conflicts over the use of Utría National Park, located in the region. Third, the thesis studies the social protest of both local communities for the construction of a small hydroelectric power plant inside the park, finding that this protest for electricity reflects a complex post-colonial politics complementary to the discourse concerning political resistance as expressed by local and indigenous communities protesting against development. Fourth, drift-cocaine has been arriving recently to the coastal region of Chocó as a side effect of the country's war on drugs. In Chocó, this phenomenon is referred to as the White Fish and is investigated here by situating its associated practices and transformations within the local context. Fifth, Utría National Park is explored visually as a place of rhythms and temporalities. Lastly, it argues that the mechanisms, grounded in concepts of solidarity and co-existence, which are employed by the local communities in negotiating the matters that concern them, provide alternative narratives to the ones often used to described them as in "poverty" and in need of "development". ; Tiivistelmä Chocó on syrjäinen ja biologisesti monimuotoinen alue Pohjois-Tyynenmeren rannikolla Kolumbiassa. Kyseinen alue on koti useille Embera-alkuperäiskansan jäsenille sekä Afrikasta polveutuville yhteisöille. Ryhmät jakavat ja haastavat kolonialismin, väkivaltaisuuksien, riiston sekä sorron värittämän historian. Tämä väitöskirja tarkastelee tapoja, joilla Chocón paikalliset yhteisöt haastavat ja muokkaavat heitä koskevia kysymyksenasetteluja. Se keskittyy yhteisöjä koskeviin huolenaiheisiin, jotka liittyvät biologisen monimuotoisuuden suojelun vaikutuksiin, kehitysinfrastruktuuriin ja huumekauppaan Ensimmäiseksi väitöskirja tarkastelee haasteita, jotka liittyvät maailmanlaajuisten muutosten ja paikallisten huolenaiheiden tutkimiseen. Tämän jälkeen työ kehittelee Chocóssa kerätyn etnografisen aineiston perusteella metodologiaa käsittelemään ympäristöön liittyviä arvoristiriitoja liittyen alueella sijaitsevan Utrían kansallispuiston käyttöön. Kolmanneksi väitöskirja tutkii paikallisyhteisöjen sosiaalista protestia liittyen pienen vesivoimalan rakentamiseen puiston alueelle. Havainnot haastavat tulkinnan, jonka mukaan infrastruktuurin hyväksyntä tai vastustaminen alkuperäiskansojen toimesta liittyy suoraan myös alkuperäiskansojen elämäntapojen puolustamiseen tai uhmaamiseen. Neljänneksi, ajelehtivaa kokaiinia on viime aikoina päätynyt Chocón rannikkoalueelle maan huumeiden vastaisen sodan seurauksena. Chocóssa ilmiöön viitataan nimellä Valkoinen kala, ja tässä työssä aihetta lähestytään tarkastelemalla siihen liittyviä käytänteitä ja muutoksia paikallisessa kontekstissa. Viidenneksi, Utrían kansallispuistoa tutkitaan visuaalisesti rytmien ja ajallisuuksien paikkana. Lopuksi esitetään, että paikallisten yhteisöjen hyödyntämät mekanismit heitä koskevissa keskusteluissa horjuttavat valtasuhteita epävarmoissa oloissa ja tarjoavat vaihtoehtoisia solidaarisuuden ja rinnakkaiselon narratiiveja, joilla lähestyä huolenaiheita.

This article presents an innovative proposal to represent the agenda-setting of the main Spanish media groups (RTVE, Prisa, Vocento, Unidad Editorial, COPE, Atresmedia, Planeta, Godó, Mediaset España and Libertad Digital) in the context of the 2015 Spanish general election. The study uses a quantitative method based on a content analysis of the main Spanish radio and TV programmes with political opinion spaces and the main newspapers linked to these media groups. Furthermore, the compositional methodological approach the CoDa-biplot is used to visualise and emphasise the relative salience of the components under study. The article not only provides a mapping of the agenda of the main media groups in the electoral context, but it also reaches the representation of the effects of priming and the spiral of silence in the proportional study of the issues and senders of the agenda. ; Este artículo presenta un estudio innovador sobre la representación de la agenda-setting de los principales grupos de medios españoles (RTVE, Prisa, Vocento, Unidad Editorial, COPE, Atresmedia, Planeta, Godó, Mediaset España y Libertad Digital), en el contexto de las Elecciones Generales en España del año 2015. El estudio emplea una metodología cuantitativa con base a un análisis de contenido de los principales programas con espacios de opinión sobre política en la radio y televisión española, así como de los principales periódicos vinculados a estos grupos mediáticos. Asimismo, se emplea la herramienta metodológica composicional del CoDa-biplot, que contribuye a visualizar y enfatizar la relevancia relativa de los componentes en estudio. El artículo proporciona un mapeo de la agenda de los principales grupos de medios en el contexto electoral, al tiempo que alcanza la representación de los efectos del priming y la espiral del silencio en el estudio proporcional de los issues y emisores de la agenda.

COVID-19 disease caused an out-breaking with implications in citizens' private and public life. Face-to-face higher education had to adapt their lectures abruptly to a remote emergency mode. In this situation, both methodological and technological decisions had a principal role in closing the 2019-2020 academic course successfully. In this paper, the strategic decisions of the University of Salamanca (Spain) at the institutional level are summarized, taking into account not only the principal goal of ending a contingency situation but focusing on how to face the 2020-2021 academic course, in which one all the universities know that they will have to operate with the disease, but the uncertainty will be still present. The presentation in video is available at https://drive.google.com/file/d/1SSBslrhz-Nl7c4Gsxnlyi_V90QKOhTPf/view?usp=sharing ; This work has been carried out with European Union ERDF funds' support to "Promoting technological development, innovation, and quality research". The authors want to thank the Informatics Service of the University of Salamanca and technicians from the Studium Virtual Campus Service the effort and support during the confinement and nowadays to support, maintain and evolve the institutional teaching and learning ecosystem.

Background Sepsis and severe focal infections represent a substantial disease burden in children admitted to hospital. We aimed to understand the burden of disease and outcomes in children with life-threatening bacterial infections in Europe. Methods The European Union Childhood Life-threatening Infectious Disease Study (EUCLIDS) was a prospective, multicentre, cohort study done in six countries in Europe. Patients aged 1 month to 18 years with sepsis (or suspected sepsis) or severe focal infections, admitted to 98 participating hospitals in the UK, Austria, Germany, Lithuania, Spain, and the Netherlands were prospectively recruited between July 1, 2012, and Dec 31, 2015. To assess disease burden and outcomes, we collected demographic and clinical data using a secured web-based platform and obtained microbiological data using locally available clinical diagnostic procedures. Findings 2844 patients were recruited and included in the analysis. 1512 (53·2%) of 2841 patients were male and median age was 39·1 months (IQR 12·4–93·9). 1229 (43·2%) patients had sepsis and 1615 (56·8%) had severe focal infections. Patients diagnosed with sepsis had a median age of 27·6 months (IQR 9·0–80·2), whereas those diagnosed with severe focal infections had a median age of 46·5 months (15·8–100·4; p<0·0001). Of 2844 patients in the entire cohort, the main clinical syndromes were pneumonia (511 [18·0%] patients), CNS infection (469 [16·5%]), and skin and soft tissue infection (247 [8·7%]). The causal microorganism was identified in 1359 (47·8%) children, with the most prevalent ones being Neisseria meningitidis (in 259 [9·1%] patients), followed by Staphylococcus aureus (in 222 [7·8%]), Streptococcus pneumoniae (in 219 [7·7%]), and group A streptococcus (in 162 [5·7%]). 1070 (37·6%) patients required admission to a paediatric intensive care unit. Of 2469 patients with outcome data, 57 (2·2%) deaths occurred: seven were in patients with severe focal infections and 50 in those with sepsis. Interpretation Mortality in children admitted to hospital for sepsis or severe focal infections is low in Europe. The disease burden is mainly in children younger than 5 years and is largely due to vaccine-preventable meningococcal and pneumococcal infections. Despite the availability and application of clinical procedures for microbiological diagnosis, the causative organism remained unidentified in approximately 50% of patients.

Background: Sepsis and severe focal infections represent a substantial disease burden in children admitted to hospital. We aimed to understand the burden of disease and outcomes in children with life-threatening bacterial infections in Europe. Methods: The European Union Childhood Life-threatening Infectious Disease Study (EUCLIDS) was a prospective, multicentre, cohort study done in six countries in Europe. Patients aged 1 month to 18 years with sepsis (or suspected sepsis) or severe focal infections, admitted to 98 participating hospitals in the UK, Austria, Germany, Lithuania, Spain, and the Netherlands were prospectively recruited between July 1, 2012, and Dec 31, 2015. To assess disease burden and outcomes, we collected demographic and clinical data using a secured web-based platform and obtained microbiological data using locally available clinical diagnostic procedures. Findings: 2844 patients were recruited and included in the analysis. 1512 (53·2%) of 2841 patients were male and median age was 39·1 months (IQR 12·4–93·9). 1229 (43·2%) patients had sepsis and 1615 (56·8%) had severe focal infections. Patients diagnosed with sepsis had a median age of 27·6 months (IQR 9·0–80·2), whereas those diagnosed with severe focal infections had a median age of 46·5 months (15·8–100·4; p<0·0001). Of 2844 patients in the entire cohort, the main clinical syndromes were pneumonia (511 [18·0%] patients), CNS infection (469 [16·5%]), and skin and soft tissue infection (247 [8·7%]). The causal microorganism was identified in 1359 (47·8%) children, with the most prevalent ones being Neisseria meningitidis (in 259 [9·1%] patients), followed by Staphylococcus aureus (in 222 [7·8%]), Streptococcus pneumoniae (in 219 [7·7%]), and group A streptococcus (in 162 [5·7%]). 1070 (37·6%) patients required admission to a paediatric intensive care unit. Of 2469 patients with outcome data, 57 (2·2%) deaths occurred: seven were in patients with severe focal infections and 50 in those with sepsis. Interpretation: Mortality in children admitted to hospital for sepsis or severe focal infections is low in Europe. The disease burden is mainly in children younger than 5 years and is largely due to vaccine-preventable meningococcal and pneumococcal infections. Despite the availability and application of clinical procedures for microbiological diagnosis, the causative organism remained unidentified in approximately 50% of patients.