As a result of the Agenda 21, presented nearly two decades ago, the Millennium Development Goals (MDG) were set and must be met by the year 2015. Nowadays, governments, researchers, engineers, environmental scientists and other stakeholders involved in the industry are working more jointed for improving environmental and socio-economic indicators for sustainability of the Building Industry. The relevance of the residential building sector is evident for its fast growing rate during the last two decades. This paper presents an analysis on the sustainability of the residential building sector in two different countries: Colombia and Spain, by measuring and evaluating a composite indicator (CI). A factor analysis (FA) with principal components extraction was employed to calculate the CI in order to evaluate the evolution of the residential building sector in two core aspects: socio and economic conditions.
Objective: To facilitate supply chain management and decision-making processes. The case of Latin America as an outsourcing option is analyzed to illustrate its application. Methodology: A taxonomy supported in Systematic Literature Review is presented to determine the logistics outsourcing strategy that a company or supply chain should develop, along with the alternatives of offshoring and nearshoring. To determine the decision criteria, a literature review is carried out and a characterization of the central criteria of the two strategies is provided. Results: The offshoring alternative usually provides benefits related to lower manufacturing costs and is ideal for mass production. On the other hand, nearshoring is focused on greater flexibility, which makes it ideal for products with a higher profit margin to exclusive markets. Conclusions: Currently, Latin America seems a great option for both offshoring and nearshoring, especially for the US, Canada, and European countries. To make this possible, governments and companies have to reformulate their political-private growth strategies focused on clear plans that promote the development of productive, logistical, technological, and innovation capacities, as well as the promotion of foreign investment, educational and scientific development, and the growth of regional demands. Financing: Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia (UPTC). Keywords: Nearshore, Offshore, Onshore, Outsourcing. ; Objetivo: Facilitar la gestión de la cadena de suministro y los procesos de toma de decisiones. Se analiza el caso de América Latina como opción de outsourcing para ilustrar su aplicación. Metodología: Se presenta una taxonomía soportada en Systematic Literature Review para determinar la estrategia de outsourcing logístico que debe desarrollar una empresa o cadena de suministro, entre las alternativas de deslocalización y nearshoring. Para determinar los criterios de decisión, se realiza una revisión de la literatura y se proporciona una caracterización de los criterios centrales de las dos estrategias. Resultados: La alternativa de offshoring suelen brindar beneficios relacionados con mayores capacidades productivas que inciden en menores costos de fabricación, lo que la hace idónea para la producción de productos masivos. Las ventajas de nearshoring se centran en una mayor flexibilidad, lo que lo hace idóneo para la producción de productos con mayor margen de utilidad a mercados exclusivos. Conclusiones: Latinoamérica aparece en el momento como una gran opción tanto para offshoring como para nearshoring, especialmente para EE.UU., Canadá y los países Europeos. Para esto, los estados y las compañías deben reformular sus estrategias de crecimiento político-privado centrado en estrategias claras que promuevan el desarrollo de capacidades productivas, logísticas, tecnológicas y de innovación, el fomento a la inversión extranjera, el desarrollo educativo y científico, y el crecimiento de las demandas regionales. Financiación: Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia (UPTC). Palabras clave: Nearshore, Offshore, Onshore, Outsourcing.
