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La crisis de las haciendas locales: de la reforma administrativa a la reforma fiscal (1743 - 1845)
In: Estudios de historia
Una lenta y tardía transformación: Las haciendas locales en el tránsito del absolutismo al liberalismo ; A slow and late trasnformation: The local treasuries during the transformation from absolutism to liberalism
En el artículo se analiza la transformación de las haciendas locales en la etapa de transición del absolutismo al liberalismo. Para ello se estudian las modificaciones que se fueron introduciendo en su administración, así como las que afectaron a sus fuentes de ingresos y gastos. La evolución de cada una de esas vertientes estuvo condicionada por las penurias de la Hacienda central. A lo largo de todo el período la administración se caracterizó por un marcado centralismo, que los moderados reforzaron a partir de 1843. Por otra parte, el continuo trasvase de fondos locales hacia el Tesoro desde finales del XVIII conllevó que se desatendiesen las necesidades locales y provocó una elevada deuda local. Las reformas liberales más que dirigirse a superar esas dificultades se preocuparon básicamente por adecuar las fuentes de ingresos municipales con las estatales, o con los principios que sustentaban el nuevo sistema económico y, por último, a evitar cualquier menoscabo de la recaudación correspondiente al Tesoro. El régimen fiscal de 1845, junto con la Desamortización civil, dieron lugar a una nueva configuración de las fuentes de ingresos locales, caracterizadas por los recargos sobre las contribuciones estatales, lo que marcó aún más la falta de autonomía financiera local. Las reformas no permitieron superar la crónica insuficiencia presupuestaria de los municipios y, además, tampoco se tradujeron en un reparto más equitativo de la carga tributaria. Esa insuficiencia financiera condujo a que no se cubriesen adecuadamente los múltiples servicios públicos que el Estado liberal trasladó a los municipios ; In this article the transformation of the local treasuries during the transition from absolutism to liberalism is analyzed. For this, the changes introduced in these local administrations that affected their sources of revenue as well as their spending will be studied. The evolution of both revenue and spending was conditioned by the problems of the central Treasury. Throughout the period of time covered in this article the administration was characterized by a marked centralism, which "los Moderados" (liberal conservative party) had reinforced after 1843. On the other hand, the continuous transfer of local funds to the central Treasury at the end of the eighteenth century resulted in the neglect of local needs and also caused a large debt in the local governments. Instead of addressing these problems, the Liberal reforms were primarily concerned with adjusting local and central sources of revenue or to adapting both financial aspects to the fundamental principles of the new economic system. In addition, the liberal reforms also tried to avoid any decrease in the tax collection by the central Treasury. The tax system of 1848, together with the civil "Desamortización" (disentitlement of Church property), resulted in a new configuration of local sources of revenue, characterized by surcharges on state contributions, which highlighted even more the lack of local autonomy. The reforms did not correct the chronic budget deficits of the local governments nor did they produce a more equitable distribution of the tax burden. This financial failure meant that the various public services transferred to the local governments by the liberal state were not provided adequately
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Relaciones y vínculos de poder de un general isabelino: O'Donnell y los antecedentes de la Unión Liberal
In: Ayer: revista de historia contemporánea, Band 105, Heft 1, S. 51-75
En el artículo se analizan las relaciones de poder que fue tejiendo Leopoldo O'Donnell en sus etapas preministeriales. Tras su distanciamiento del centro rector del moderantismo, con esos vínculos el general buscaba crear su propio espacio político, además de una posición económica desahogada que le alejase de cualquier tipo de servilismo. Especial relevancia para la consecución de ambos objetivos tuvo su paso por la Capitanía General de Cuba. La lucha contra los gobiernos autoritarios de los últimos años de la Década Moderada amplió y cohesionó el grupo de civiles y militares a partir del cual se configuró la Unión Liberal.
La Reforma constitucional durante el Gobierno Largo de O'Donnell
Després de repassar les concepcions que sobre la Constitució de 1812 tenien les diferents opcions polítiques representades al Parlament Llarg, l'article se centra en analitzar com va plantejar el Govern unionista l'anomenada "qüestió constituent". Si la màxima del Gabinet va ser no reobrir el debat sobre la Llei fonamental per tal d'aconseguir l'estabilitat política que li afianzase al poder, la no derogació de la reaccionària reforma de 1857 va acabar provocant justament l'efecte que es volia evitar: divisions i desercions a les files unionistes. La inacció del Govern respecte a les reformes promeses no només s'explica per la por a desencadenar dissidències en el si de l'agrupació unionista, sinó també pel precari equilibri de poder entre la Corona i el cap del Gabinet, que va dificultar que O'Donnell fos capaç de fer una política autònoma.
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La reforma constitucional durante el Gobierno Largo de O'Donnell
Tras repasar las concepciones que sobre la Constitución de 1812 tenían las distintas opciones políticas representadas en el Parlamento Largo, el artículo se centra en analizar cómo planteó el Gobierno unionista la llamada "cuestión constituyente". Si la máxima del Gabinete fue no reabrir el debate sobre la Ley fundamental con el fin de conseguir la estabilidad política que le afianzase en el poder, la no derogación de la reaccionaria reforma de 1857 acabó provocando justamente el efecto que se quería evitar: divisiones y deserciones en las filas unionistas. La inacción del Gobierno respecto a las reformas prometidas no sólo se explica por el miedo a desencadenar disidencias en el seno de la agrupación unionista, sino también por el precario equilibrio de poder entre la Corona y el jefe del Gabinete, que dificultó que O'Donnell fuese capaz de realizar una política autónoma. ; Després de repassar les concepcions que sobre la Constitució de 1812 tenien les diferents opcions polítiques representades al Parlament Llarg, l'article se centra en analitzar com va plantejar el Govern unionista l'anomenada "qüestió constituent". Si la màxima del Gabinet va ser no reobrir el debat sobre la Llei fonamental per tal d'aconseguir l'estabilitat política que li afianzase al poder, la no derogació de la reaccionària reforma de 1857 va acabar provocant justament l'efecte que es volia evitar: divisions i desercions a les files unionistes. La inacció del Govern respecte a les reformes promeses no només s'explica per la por a desencadenar dissidències en el si de l'agrupació unionista, sinó també pel precari equilibri de poder entre la Corona i el cap del Gabinet, que va dificultar que O'Donnell fos capaç de fer una política autònoma. ; After reviewing the ideas that the different political options represented in the Parlamento Largo had about the 1812 Constitution, this article focuses on an analysis of how the Unionista Government dealt with the so called "constitutional problem". The Cabinet's bottom line was not to reopen the debate about the Constitution in order to achieve the stability needed to remain in power. Yet, the non-repeal of the reform in 1857 ended up causing the undesirable effect: division within the Unionist group. Government did not take action not to trigger further dispute within the heart of the Unionist party, as well as the precarious balance between the Crown and the head of the Cabinet. All these reasons made it difficult for O'Donnell to carry out an independent policy.
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La cara amable y el lado oscuro de las reformas de las autoridades de competencia
Competition policy is a dynamic process in which two questions arise: the configuration of the institutional framework and, on the other hand, the potential negative effects of the reforms processes. Based on surveys to employers (International Institute for Management Development, IMD), this paper evaluates the evolution of the effectiveness of competition policy at international level and how some countries' competition policy (or authority) reforms change this perceived effectiveness: United Kingdom, France, Netherlands, Finland and Spain. Results show that the last Spanish competition policy reform (creation of the CNMC), was non-positive, despite some improvements in recent years.
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Environmental and economic assessment of biodegradable and compostable alternatives for plastic materials in greenhouses
In: Waste management: international journal of integrated waste management, science and technology, Band 175, S. 92-100
ISSN: 1879-2456
Search for new phenomena in photon + jet events collected in proton–proton collisions at √s = 8 TeV with the ATLAS detector
Aad, G. et al. ; This Letter describes a model-independent search for the production of new resonances in photon + jet (γ+jet) events using 20 fb−1 of proton–proton LHC data recorded with the ATLAS detector at a centre-of-mass energy of View the MathML source. The γ+jet mass distribution is compared to a background model fit from data; no significant deviation from the background-only hypothesis is found. Limits are set at 95% credibility level on generic Gaussian-shaped signals and two benchmark phenomena beyond the Standard Model: non-thermal quantum black holes and excited quarks. Non-thermal quantum black holes are excluded below masses of 4.6 TeV and excited quarks are excluded below masses of 3.5 TeV. ; We acknowledge the support of ANPCyT, Argentina; YerPhI, Armenia; ARC, Australia; BMWF and FWF, Austria; ANAS, Azerbaijan; SSTC, Belarus; CNPq and FAPESP, Brazil; NSERC, NRC and CFI, Canada; CERN; CONICYT, Chile; CAS, MOST and NSFC, China; COLCIENCIAS, Colombia; MSMT CR, MPO CR and VSC CR, Czech Republic; DNRF, DNSRC and Lundbeck Foundation, Denmark; EPLANET, ERC and NSRF, European Union; IN2P3-CNRS, CEA-DSM/IRFU, France; GNSF, Georgia; BMBF, DFG, HGF, MPG and AvH Foundation, Germany; GSRT and NSRF, Greece; ISF, MINERVA, GIF, DIP and Benoziyo Center, Israel; INFN, Italy; MEXT and JSPS, Japan; CNRST, Morocco; FOM and NWO, Netherlands; BRF and RCN, Norway; MNiSW, Poland; GRICES and FCT, Portugal; MERYS (MECTS), Romania; MES of Russia and ROSATOM, Russian Federation; JINR; MSTD, Serbia; MSSR, Slovakia; ARRS and MVZT, Slovenia; DST/NRF, South Africa; MICINN, Spain; SRC and Wallenberg Foundation, Sweden; SER, SNSF and Cantons of Bern and Geneva, Switzerland; NSC, Taiwan; TAEK, Turkey; STFC, the Royal Society and Leverhulme Trust, United Kingdom; DOE and NSF, United States of America. ; Peer reviewed
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Measurements of W and Z boson production in pp collisions at √s=5.02 TeV with the ATLAS detector
Measurements of fiducial integrated and differential cross sections for inclusive W+, W− and Z boson production are reported. They are based on 25.0±0.5pb−1 of pp collision data at s√=5.02 TeV collected with the ATLAS detector at the CERN Large Hadron Collider. Electron and muon decay channels are analysed, and the combined W+, W− and Z integrated cross sections are found to be σW+=2266±9 (stat)±29 (syst)±43 (lumi) pb, σW−=1401±7 (stat)±18 (syst)±27 (lumi) pb, and σZ=374.5±3.4 (stat)±3.6 (syst)±7.0 (lumi) pb, in good agreement with next-to-next-to-leading-order QCD cross-section calculations. These measurements serve as references for Pb+Pb interactions at the LHC at sNN−−−√=5.02 TeV. An erratum to this article is available online at https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-019-6870-9. ; We acknowledge the support of ANPCyT, Argentina; YerPhI, Armenia; ARC, Australia; BMWFW and FWF, Austria; ANAS, Azerbaijan; SSTC, Belarus; CNPq and FAPESP, Brazil; NSERC, NRC and CFI, Canada; CERN; CONICYT, Chile; CAS, MOST and NSFC, China; COLCIENCIAS, Colombia; MSMT CR, MPO CR and VSC CR, Czech Republic; DNRF and DNSRC, Denmark; IN2P3-CNRS, CEA-DRF/IRFU, France; SRNSFG, Georgia; BMBF, HGF, and MPG, Germany; GSRT, Greece; RGC, Hong Kong SAR, China; ISF and Benoziyo Center, Israel; INFN, Italy; MEXT and JSPS, Japan; CNRST, Morocco; NWO, Netherlands; RCN, Norway; MNiSW and NCN, Poland; FCT, Portugal; MNE/IFA, Romania; MES of Russia and NRC KI, Russian Federation; JINR; MESTD, Serbia; MSSR, Slovakia; ARRS and MIZŠ, Slovenia; DST/NRF, South Africa; MINECO, Spain; SRC and Wallenberg Foundation, Sweden; SERI, SNSF and Cantons of Bern and Geneva, Switzerland; MOST, Taiwan; TAEK, Turkey; STFC, United Kingdom; DOE and NSF, United States of America. In addition, individual groups and members have received support from BCKDF, CANARIE, CRC and Compute Canada, Canada; COST, ERC, ERDF, Horizon 2020, and Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions, European Union; Investissements d' Avenir Labex and Idex, ANR, France; DFG and AvH Foundation, Germany; Herakleitos, Thales and Aristeia programmes co-financed by EU-ESF and the Greek NSRF, Greece; BSF-NSF and GIF, Israel; CERCA Programme Generalitat de Catalunya, Spain; The Royal Society and Leverhulme Trust, United Kingdom. The crucial computing support from all WLCG partners is acknowledged gratefully, in particular from CERN, the ATLAS Tier-1 facilities at TRIUMF (Canada), NDGF (Denmark, Norway, Sweden), CC-IN2P3 (France), KIT/GridKA (Germany), INFN-CNAF (Italy), NL-T1 (Netherlands), PIC (Spain), ASGC (Taiwan), RAL (UK) and BNL (USA), the Tier-2 facilities worldwide and large non-WLCG resource providers. Major contributors of computing resources are listed in Ref. [52]. ; Peer Reviewed
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Measurement of the photon identification efficiencies with the ATLAS detector using LHC Run 2 data collected in 2015 and 2016
The efficiency of the photon identification criteria in the ATLAS detector is measured using 36.1 fb1 to 36.7 fb1 of pp collision data at s√=13 TeV collected in 2015 and 2016. The efficiencies are measured separately for converted and unconverted isolated photons, in four different pseudorapidity regions, for transverse momenta between 10 GeV and 1.5 TeV. The results from the combination of three data-driven techniques are compared with the predictions from simulation after correcting the variables describing the shape of electromagnetic showers in simulation for the average differences observed relative to data. Data-to-simulation efficiency ratios are determined to account for the small residual efficiency differences. These factors are measured with uncertainties between 0.5% and 5% depending on the photon transverse momentum and pseudorapidity. The impact of the isolation criteria on the photon identification efficiency, and that of additional soft pp interactions, are also discussed. The probability of reconstructing an electron as a photon candidate is measured in data, and compared with the predictions from simulation. The efficiency of the reconstruction of photon conversions is measured using a sample of photon candidates from Z→μμγ events, exploiting the properties of the ratio of the energies deposited in the first and second longitudinal layers of the ATLAS electromagnetic calorimeter. ; We acknowledge the support of ANPCyT, Argentina; YerPhI, Armenia; ARC, Australia; BMWFW and FWF, Austria; ANAS, Azerbaijan; SSTC, Belarus; CNPq and FAPESP, Brazil; NSERC, NRC and CFI, Canada; CERN; CONICYT, Chile; CAS, MOST and NSFC, China; COLCIENCIAS, Colombia; MSMT CR, MPO CR and VSC CR, Czech Republic; DNRF and DNSRC, Denmark; IN2P3-CNRS, CEA-DRF/IRFU, France; SRNSFG, Georgia; BMBF, HGF, and MPG, Germany; GSRT, Greece; RGC, Hong Kong SAR, China; ISF and Benoziyo Center, Israel; INFN, Italy; MEXT and JSPS, Japan; CNRST, Morocco; NWO, The Netherlands; RCN, Norway; MNiSW and NCN, Poland; FCT, Portugal; MNE/IFA, Romania; MES of Russia and NRC KI, Russian Federation; JINR; MESTD, Serbia; MSSR, Slovakia; ARRS and MIZŠ, Slovenia; DST/NRF, South Africa; MINECO, Spain; SRC and Wallenberg Foundation, Sweden; SERI, SNSF and Cantons of Bern and Geneva, Switzerland; MOST, Taiwan; TAEK, Turkey; STFC, UK; DOE and NSF, USA. In addition, individual groups and members have received support from BCKDF, CANARIE, CRC and Compute Canada, Canada; COST, ERC, ERDF, Horizon 2020, and Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions, European Union; Investissements d' Avenir Labex and Idex, ANR, France; DFG and AvH Foundation, Germany; Herakleitos, Thales and Aristeia programmes co-financed by EU-ESF and the Greek NSRF, Greece; BSF-NSF and GIF, Israel; CERCA Programme Generalitat de Catalunya, Spain; The Royal Society and Leverhulme Trust, UK. The crucial computing support from all WLCG partners is acknowledged gratefully, in particular from CERN, the ATLAS Tier-1 facilities at TRIUMF (Canada), NDGF (Denmark, Norway, Sweden), CC-IN2P3 (France), KIT/GridKA (Germany), INFN-CNAF (Italy), NL-T1 (The Netherlands), PIC (Spain), ASGC (Taiwan), RAL (UK) and BNL (USA), the Tier-2 facilities worldwide and large non-WLCG resource providers. Major contributors of computing resources are listed in Ref. [43]. ; Peer reviewed
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Measurement of W±Z production cross sections and gauge boson polarisation in pp collisions at √s=13TeV with the ATLAS detector
This paper presents measurements of WZ production cross sections in pp collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV. The data were collected in 2015 and 2016 by the ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider, and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 36.1fb-1. The WZ candidate events are reconstructed using leptonic decay modes of the gauge bosons into electrons and muons. The measured inclusive cross section in the detector fiducial region for a single leptonic decay mode is σW±Z→ℓ′νℓℓfid.=63.7±1.0(stat.)±2.3(syst.)±1.4(lumi.) fb, reproduced by the next-to-next-to-leading-order Standard Model prediction of 61.5-1.3+1.4 fb. Cross sections for WZ and WZ production and their ratio are presented as well as differential cross sections for several kinematic observables. An analysis of angular distributions of leptons from decays of W and Z bosons is performed for the first time in pair-produced events in hadronic collisions, and integrated helicity fractions in the detector fiducial region are measured for the W and Z bosons separately. Of particular interest, the longitudinal helicity fraction of pair-produced vector bosons is also measured. ; We acknowledge the support of ANPCyT, Argentina; YerPhI, Armenia; ARC, Australia; BMWFW and FWF, Austria; ANAS, Azerbaijan; SSTC, Belarus; CNPq and FAPESP, Brazil; NSERC, NRC and CFI, Canada; CERN; CONICYT, Chile; CAS, MOST and NSFC, China; COLCIENCIAS, Colombia; MSMT CR, MPO CR and VSC CR, Czech Republic; DNRF and DNSRC, Denmark; IN2P3-CNRS, CEA-DRF/IRFU, France; SRNSFG, Georgia; BMBF, HGF, and MPG, Germany; GSRT, Greece; RGC, Hong Kong SAR, China; ISF and Benoziyo Center, Israel; INFN, Italy; MEXT and JSPS, Japan; CNRST, Morocco; NWO, Netherlands; RCN, Norway; MNiSW and NCN, Poland; FCT, Portugal; MNE/IFA, Romania; MES of Russia and NRC KI, Russian Federation; JINR; MESTD, Serbia; MSSR, Slovakia; ARRS and MIZŠ, Slovenia; DST/NRF, South Africa; MINECO, Spain; SRC and Wallenberg Foundation, Sweden; SERI, SNSF and Cantons of Bern and Geneva, Switzerland; MOST, Taiwan; TAEK, Turkey; STFC, UK; DOE and NSF, USA. In addition, individual groups and members have received support from BCKDF, CANARIE, CRC and Compute Canada, Canada; COST, ERC, ERDF, Horizon 2020, and Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions, European Union; Investissements d' Avenir Labex and Idex, ANR, France; DFG and AvH Foundation, Germany; Herakleitos, Thales and Aristeia programmes co-financed by EU-ESF and the Greek NSRF, Greece; BSF-NSF and GIF, Israel; CERCA Programme Generalitat de Catalunya, Spain; The Royal Society and Leverhulme Trust, UK. The crucial computing support from all WLCG partners is acknowledged gratefully, in particular from CERN, the ATLAS Tier-1 facilities at TRIUMF (Canada), NDGF (Denmark, Norway, Sweden), CC-IN2P3 (France), KIT/GridKA (Germany), INFN-CNAF (Italy), NL-T1 (Netherlands), PIC (Spain), ASGC (Taiwan), RAL (UK) and BNL (USA), the Tier-2 facilities worldwide and large non-WLCG resource providers. Major contributors of computing resources are listed in Ref. [106]. ; Peer Reviewed
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Measurement of the mass difference between top and anti-top quarks in pp collisions at √s = 7 TeV using the ATLAS detector
Aad, G. et al. ; A measurement of the mass difference between top and anti-top quarks is presented. In a 4.7 fb−1 data sample of proton–proton collisions at View the MathML source recorded with the ATLAS detector at the LHC, events consistent with View the MathML source production and decay into a single charged lepton final state are reconstructed. For each event, the mass difference between the top and anti-top quark candidate is calculated. A two b -tag requirement is used in order to reduce the background contribution. A maximum likelihood fit to these per-event mass differences yields View the MathML source, consistent with CPT invariance. ; We acknowledge the support of ANPCyT, Argentina; YerPhI, Armenia; ARC, Australia; BMWF and FWF, Austria; ANAS, Azerbaijan; SSTC, Belarus; CNPq and FAPESP, Brazil; NSERC, NRC and CFI, Canada; CERN; CONICYT, Chile; CAS, MOST and NSFC, China; COLCIENCIAS, Colombia; MSMT CR, MPO CR and VSC CR, Czech Republic; DNRF, DNSRC and Lundbeck Foundation, Denmark; EPLANET, ERC and NSRF, European Union; IN2P3-CNRS, CEA-DSM/IRFU, France; GNSF, Georgia; BMBF, DFG, HGF, MPG and AvH Foundation, Germany; GSRT and NSRF, Greece; ISF, MINERVA, GIF, DIP and Benoziyo Center, Israel; INFN, Italy; MEXT and JSPS, Japan; CNRST, Morocco; FOM and NWO, Netherlands; BRF and RCN, Norway; MNiSW, Poland; GRICES and FCT, Portugal; MNE/IFA, Romania; MES of Russia and ROSATOM, Russian Federation; JINR; MSTD, Serbia; MSSR, Slovakia; ARRS and MIZŠ, Slovenia; DST/NRF, South Africa; MINECO, Spain; SRC and Wallenberg Foundation, Sweden; SER, SNSF and Cantons of Bern and Geneva, Switzerland; NSC, Taiwan; TAEK, Turkey; STFC, the Royal Society and Leverhulme Trust, United Kingdom; DOE and NSF, United States of America. ; Peer reviewed
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Readiness of the ATLAS Tile Calorimeter for LHC collisions
67 páginas.-- El PDF es la versión pre-print (arXiv:1007.5423v2).-- The ATLAS Collaboration.-- et al. ; The Tile hadronic calorimeter of the ATLAS detector has undergone extensive testing in the experimental hall since its installation in late 2005. The readout, control and calibration systems have been fully operational since 2007 and the detector has successfully collected data from the LHC single beams in 2008 and first collisions in 2009. This paper gives an overview of the Tile Calorimeter performance as measured using random triggers, calibration data, data from cosmic ray muons and single beam data. The detector operation status, noise characteristics and performance of the calibration systems are presented, as well as the validation of the timing and energy calibration carried out with minimum ionising cosmic ray muons data. The calibration systems' precision is well below the design value of 1%. The determination of the global energy scale was performed with an uncertainty of 4%. ; We acknowledge the support of ANPCyT, Argentina; Yerevan Physics Institute, Armenia; ARC and DEST, Australia; Bundesministerium f¨ur Wissenschaft und Forschung, Austria; National Academy of Sciences of Azerbaijan; State Committee on Science & Technologies of the Republic of Belarus; CNPq and FINEP, Brazil; NSERC, NRC, and CFI, Canada; CERN; CONICYT, Chile; NSFC, China; COLCIENCIAS, Colombia; Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic, Ministry of Industry and Trade of the Czech Republic, and Committee for Collaboration of the Czech Republic with CERN; Danish Natural Science Research Council and the Lundbeck Foundation; European Commission, through the ARTEMIS Research Training Network; IN2P3-CNRS and CEA-DSM/IRFU, France; Georgian Academy of Sciences; BMBF, DFG, HGF and MPG, Germany; Ministry of Education and Religion, through the EPEAEK program PYTHAGORAS II and GSRT, Greece; ISF, MINERVA, GIF, DIP, and Benoziyo Center, Israel; INFN, Italy; MEXT, Japan; CNRST, Morocco; FOM and NWO, Netherlands; The Research Council of Norway; Ministry of Science and Higher Education, Poland; FCT co-financed by QREN/COMPETE of European Union ERDF fund, Portugal; Ministry of Education and Research, Romania; Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation and State Atomic Energy Corporation ROSATOM; JINR; Ministry of Science, Serbia; Department of International Science and Technology Cooperation, Ministry of Education of the Slovak Republic; Slovenian Research Agency, Ministry of Higher Education, Science and Technology, Slovenia; Ministerio de Educaci´on y Ciencia, Spain; The Swedish Research Council, The Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation, Sweden; State Secretariat for Education and Science, Swiss National Science Foundation, and Cantons of Bern and Geneva, Switzerland; National Science Council, Taiwan; TAEK, Turkey; The Science and Technology Facilities Council and The Leverhulme Trust, United Kingdom; DOE and NSF, United States of America. ; Peer reviewed
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Measurements of inclusive and differential fiducial cross-sections of tt¯ γ production in leptonic final states at √s=13TeV in ATLAS
Inclusive and differential cross-sections for the production of a top-quark pair in association with a photon are measured with proton-proton collision data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 36.1 fb-1, collected by the ATLAS detector at the LHC in 2015 and 2016 at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV. The measurements are performed in single-lepton and dilepton final states in a fiducial volume. Events with exactly one photon, one or two leptons, a channel-dependent minimum number of jets, and at least one b-jet are selected. Neural network algorithms are used to separate the signal from the backgrounds. The fiducial cross-sections are measured to be 521±9(stat.)±41(sys.)fb and 69±3(stat.)±4(sys.)fb for the single-lepton and dilepton channels, respectively. The differential cross-sections are measured as a function of photon transverse momentum, photon absolute pseudorapidity, and angular distance between the photon and its closest lepton in both channels, as well as azimuthal opening angle and absolute pseudorapidity difference between the two leptons in the dilepton channel. All measurements are in agreement with the theoretical predictions. ; We thank CERN for the very successful operation of the LHC, as well as the support staff from our institutions without whom ATLAS could not be operated efficiently. We acknowledge the support of ANPCyT, Argentina; YerPhI, Armenia; ARC, Australia; BMWFW and FWF, Austria; ANAS, Azerbaijan; SSTC, Belarus; CNPq and FAPESP, Brazil; NSERC, NRC and CFI, Canada; CERN; CONICYT, Chile; CAS, MOST and NSFC, China; COLCIENCIAS, Colombia; MSMT CR, MPO CR and VSC CR, Czech Republic; DNRF and DNSRC, Denmark; IN2P3-CNRS, CEA-DRF/IRFU, France; SRNSFG, Georgia; BMBF, HGF, and MPG, Germany; GSRT, Greece; RGC, Hong Kong SAR, China; ISF and Benoziyo Center, Israel; INFN, Italy; MEXT and JSPS, Japan; CNRST, Morocco; NWO, Netherlands; RCN, Norway; MNiSW and NCN, Poland; FCT, Portugal; MNE/IFA, Romania; MES of Russia and NRC KI, Russian Federation; JINR; MESTD, Serbia; MSSR, Slovakia; ARRS and MIZŠ, Slovenia; DST/NRF, South Africa; MINECO, Spain; SRC and Wallenberg Foundation, Sweden; SERI, SNSF and Cantons of Bern and Geneva, Switzerland; MOST, Taiwan; TAEK, Turkey; STFC, United Kingdom; DOE and NSF, United States of America. In addition, individual groups and members have received support from BCKDF, CANARIE, CRC and Compute Canada, Canada; COST, ERC, ERDF, Horizon 2020, and Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions, European Union; Investissements d' Avenir Labex and Idex, ANR, France; DFG and AvH Foundation, Germany; Herakleitos, Thales and Aristeia programmes co-financed by EU-ESF and the Greek NSRF, Greece; BSF-NSF and GIF, Israel; CERCA Programme Generalitat de Catalunya, Spain; The Royal Society and Leverhulme Trust, United Kingdom. The crucial computing support from all WLCG partners is acknowledged gratefully, in particular from CERN, the ATLAS Tier-1 facilities at TRIUMF (Canada), NDGF (Denmark, Norway, Sweden), CC-IN2P3 (France), KIT/GridKA (Germany), INFN-CNAF (Italy), NL-T1 (Netherlands), PIC (Spain), ASGC (Taiwan), RAL (UK) and BNL (USA), the Tier-2 facilities worldwide and large non-WLCG resource providers. Major contributors of computing resources are listed in Ref. [64]. ; Peer Reviewed
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