Suchergebnisse

Metáforas del saber popular (III): el amor en el tango

El análisis metafórico proporciona una valiosa información sobre los presupuestos implícitos de un grupo social. Este artículo continúa un trabajo previo y analiza las metáforas que utilizan los grupos populares que crearon el tango para describir la vida y el vivir. Las letras de los tangos traslucen una auténtica filosofía popular de notable profundidad, que define la vida de un modo pesimista, cercano a Schopenhauer y Unamuno. Además, proporcionan un amplio conjunto de soluciones ante la dureza y arbitrariedad de la vida, que podríamos clasificar en las siguientes siete clases de solución: pragmática, baudeleriana, conformista, voluntarista, estoica, romántica y nietzscheana. Las soluciones propuestas parecen aptas para siete distintos grupos temperamentales humanos. El conjunto de soluciones propuestas muestra una notable amplitud de análisis filosófico y una coherencia sorprendente entre los contenidos metafóricos utilizados.

Este trabajo se inserta dentro de una línea de investigación en la que el autor se propuso la tarea de analizar las principales metáforas que utiliza el tango en sus letras, y también los principales conceptos que nos propone, sin olvidar nunca el origen metafórico que cualquier concepto tiene. El objetivo es investigar si la filosofía subyacente a esa forma de expresión, posee rasgos identificables y diferenciables de las creencias y saberes que poseen otros grupos sociales, y hasta qué punto tales rasgos pueden explicarse mediante la situación social del grupo social que los creó.

El cambio climático antropogénico, la destrucción de ecosistemas, la creciente extracción de recursos, y el cénit de los combustibles fósiles, pueden colocar al capitalismo global ante retos nunca vistos en pocas décadas. Las sociedades humanas están capacitadas para pasar de estrategias maximizadoras de potencia a estrategias optimizadoras de eficiencia cuando cambia la disponibilidad energética y material, pero el bloqueo institucional y los marcos culturales están debilitando la capacidad de reacción de las sociedades contemporáneas. La creciente movilización social en favor de una transición ecosocial debería tratar de romper los bloqueos institucionales y exigir una regeneración ecosistémica que vuelva más resilientes a las sociedades. En el debate político sobre la transición identificamos cuatro narrativas, etiquetables como: tecnooptimismo economicista, capitalismo verde, Green New Deal y decrecimiento. El artículo discute las fortalezas y debilidades de las tres últimas posturas. Las posturas más colapsistas del decrecimiento se auto-condenan a la marginación política, por carecer de un plan explícito y realista para la transición. Por contra, un futuro Green New Deal podría servir de paraguas bajo el cual se desarrollen convergencias entre científicos, trabajadores, activistas y políticos, lo cual movilizaría a las fuerzas transformadoras y facilitaría la creación de nichos o centros de nucleación de prácticas potencialmente disruptoras en un previsible escenario futuro de crecimiento limitado. Provocaría también una división en las élites del poder, con una parte de ellas buscando la alianza con trabajadores, científicos y activistas. Estos factores, según Goldstone, favorecen el éxito de las movilizaciones que buscan cambios sociales importantes

Special issue Nuevas articulaciones de la extrema derecha global: actores, discursos, prácticas, identidades y los retos de la democracia .-- 13 pages, 1 figure ; [EN] Anthropogenic climate change, the destruction of ecosystems, the increasing extraction of resources, and the zenith of fossil fuels can place global capitalism before challenges never seen in a few decades. When energy and material availability change, human societies are enabled to move from strategies that maximize production per unit of time to strategies that optimize efficiency, but the institutional lock-in and cultural frameworks are weakening the reaction capacity of contemporary societies. The growing social mobilization in favor of an ecosocial transition should try to break lock-in, and demand an ecosystem regeneration that makes societies more resilient. In the political debate on the transition, we identify four narratives, labeled as: techno-optimist economism, green capitalism, Green New Deal and degrowth. The article discusses the strengths and weaknesses of the last three positions. The more collapsing positions of degrowth are self-condemning to political marginalization, for absence of an explicit and realistic plan for the transition. On the other hand, a future Green New Deal could serve as an umbrella under which convergences between scientists, workers, activists and politicians could develop, which would mobilize the transformative forces and facilitate the creation of niches or nucleation centers of potentially disruptive practices in a foreseeable future scenario of limited growth. It would also provoke a division in the elites of power, with a part of them seeking an alliance with workers, scientists and activists. These factors, according to Goldstone, favor the success of mobilizations that seek important social changes ; [ES] El cambio climático antropogénico, la destrucción de ecosistemas, la creciente extracción de recursos, y el cénit de los combustibles fósiles, pueden colocar al capitalismo global ante retos nunca vistos en pocas décadas. Las sociedades humanas están capacitadas para pasar de estrategias maximizadoras de potencia a estrategias optimizadoras de eficiencia cuando cambia la disponibilidad energética y material, pero el bloqueo institucional y los marcos culturales están debilitando la capacidad de reacción de las sociedades contemporáneas. La creciente movilización social en favor de una transición ecosocial debería tratar de romper los bloqueos institucionales y exigir una regeneración ecosistémica que vuelva más resilientes a las sociedades. En el debate político sobre la transición identificamos cuatro narrativas, etiquetables como: tecnooptimismo economicista, capitalismo verde, Green New Deal y decrecimiento. El artículo discute las fortalezas y debilidades de las tres últimas posturas. Las posturas más colapsistas del decrecimiento se auto-condenan a la marginación política, por carecer de un plan explícito y realista para la transición. Por contra, un futuro Green New Deal podría servir de paraguas bajo el cual se desarrollen convergencias entre científicos, trabajadores, activistas y políticos, lo cual movilizaría a las fuerzas transformadoras y facilitaría la creación de nichos o centros de nucleación de prácticas potencialmente disruptoras en un previsible escenario futuro de crecimiento limitado. Provocaría también una división en las élites del poder, con una parte de ellas buscando la alianza con trabajadores, científicos y activistas. Estos factores, según Goldstone, favorecen el éxito de las movilizaciones que buscan cambios sociales importantes ; With the institutional support of the 'Severo Ochoa Centre of Excellence' accreditation (CEX2019-000928-S)

Anthropogenic climate change, the destruction of ecosystems, the increasing extraction of resources, and the zenith of fossil fuels, can place global capitalism before challenges never seen in a few decades. When energy and material availability change, human societies are enabled to move from strategies that maximize production per unit of time to strategies that optimize efficiency, but the institutional lock-in and cultural frameworks are weakening the reaction capacity of contemporary societies. The growing social mobilization in favor of an ecosocial transition should try to break lock-in, and demand an ecosystem regeneration that makes societies more resilient. In the political debate on the transition, we identify four narratives, labeled as: techno-optimist economism, green capitalism, Green New Deal and degrowth. The article discusses the strengths and weaknesses of the last three positions. The more collapsing positions of degrowth are self-condemning to political marginalization, for absence of an explicit and realistic plan for the transition. On the other hand, a future Green New Deal could serve as an umbrella under which convergences between scientists, workers, activists and politicians could develop, which would mobilize the transformative forces and facilitate the creation of niches or nucleation centers of potentially disruptive practices in a foreseeable future scenario of limited growth. It would also provoke a division in the elites of power, with a part of them seeking an alliance with workers, scientists and activists. These factors, according to Goldstone, favor the success of mobilizations that seek important social changes ; El cambio climático antropogénico, la destrucción de ecosistemas, la creciente extracción de recursos, y el cénit de los combustibles fósiles, pueden colocar al capitalismo global ante retos nunca vistos en pocas décadas. Las sociedades humanas están capacitadas para pasar de estrategias maximizadoras de potencia a estrategias optimizadoras de eficiencia cuando cambia la disponibilidad energética y material, pero el bloqueo institucional y los marcos culturales están debilitando la capacidad de reacción de las sociedades contemporáneas. La creciente movilización social en favor de una transición ecosocial debería tratar de romper los bloqueos institucionales y exigir una regeneración ecosistémica que vuelva más resilientes a las sociedades. En el debate político sobre la transición identificamos cuatro narrativas, etiquetables como: tecnooptimismo economicista, capitalismo verde, Green New Deal y decrecimiento. El artículo discute las fortalezas y debilidades de las tres últimas posturas. Las posturas más colapsistas del decrecimiento se auto-condenan a la marginación política, por carecer de un plan explícito y realista para la transición. Por contra, un futuro Green New Deal podría servir de paraguas bajo el cual se desarrollen convergencias entre científicos, trabajadores, activistas y políticos, lo cual movilizaría a las fuerzas transformadoras y facilitaría la creación de nichos o centros de nucleación de prácticas potencialmente disruptoras en un previsible escenario futuro de crecimiento limitado. Provocaría también una división en las élites del poder, con una parte de ellas buscando la alianza con trabajadores, científicos y activistas. Estos factores, según Goldstone, favorecen el éxito de las movilizaciones que buscan cambios sociales importantes

20 pages, 1 figure, 11 tables, 4 appendices ; A 100% renewable economy would give a lasting solution to the challenges raised by climate change, energy security, sustainability, and pollution. The conversion of the present transport system appears to be one of the most difficult aspects of such renewable transition. This study reviews the technologies and systems that are being proposed or proven as alternative to fossil-fuel based transportation, and their prospects for their entry into the post-carbon era, from both technological and energetic viewpoints. The energetic cost of the transition from the current transportation system into global 100% renewable transportation is estimated, as well as the electrical energy required for the operation of the new renewable transportation sector. A 100% renewable transport providing the same service as global transport in 2014 would demand about 18% less energy. The main reduction is expected in road transport (69%), but the shipping and air sectors would notably increase their consumptions: 163% and 149%, respectively. The analysis concludes that a 100% renewable transportation is feasible, but not necessarily compatible with indefinite increase of resources consumption. The major material and energy limitations and obstacles of each transport sector for this transition are shown ; This study has been supported by the MEDEAS project ("Modeling the Renewable Energy Transition in Europe"), European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program, grant agreement No. 691287EU of the Framework Program for Research and Innovation actions, H2020 LCE-21-2015 ; Peer Reviewed

IV Encuentro Oceanografía Física Española, celebrado del 20 al 22 de julio de 2016 en Alicante,España.-- 2 pages, 2 figues ; The Earth's climate is the outcome of numerous feedback energetic mechanisms. Paleoclimatic data tells us that the Earth has shifted between glacial and interglacial periods during the last 3 Myr, alternating between different temperature and atmospheric-CO2 states. Variations in key global processes are responsible for these transitions: CO2 atmospheric concentration, incoming solar radiation, meridional overturning circulation and albedo. Here we propose two simple box-models in order to analyze the effect of these processes on the heat content of the atmosphere and the upper-ocean during the last 450 kyr. The simplest model has only three boxes: atmosphere, upper-ocean and deep-ocean. The atmosphere and upper-ocean are allowed to exchange heat while the upper and deep oceans are connected through the meridional overturning circulation (MOC); it allows assessing the effects of cloud cover, greenhouse gases and MOC on climate but presents several important limitations, e.g. in the absence of a cooling mechanism, the deep ocean would warm up in times scales of order 10 kyr. Hence, we move to a more realistic five-box model, distinguishing now between high- and low-latitude atmospheric and upper-ocean compartments. This model, which adequately reproduces current estimates of preindustrial temperatures and heat fluxes, is used to estimate how these variables changed during glacial periods. Most important, the model helps us assess the relevance of the different physical processes on the Earth's climate, such as the latitudinal exchange within the ocean and atmospheric compartments, the intensity of the MOC and the reflecting power of albedo at high latitudes ; This research has been supported by the Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad of the Spanish Government through project VA-DE-RETRO (CTM2014-56987-P). Dorleta Orúe-Echeverría has been funded through a FPU contract of the Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia ; Peer Reviewed

14 pages, 7 figures, 6 tables, supplementary data https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2017.09.035 ; We use the concept of Energy Return On energy Invested (EROI) to calculate the amount of the available net energy that can be reasonably expected from World oil liquids during the next decades (till 2040). Our results indicate a decline in the available oil liquids net energy from 2015 to 2040. Such net energy evaluation is used as a starting point to discuss the feasibility of a Renewable Transition (RT). To evaluate the maximum rate of Renewable Energy Sources (RES) development for the RT, we assume that, by 2040, the RES will achieve a power of 11 TW (10 Watt). In this case, by 2040, between 10 and 20% of net energy from liquid hydrocarbons will be required. Taking into account the oil liquids net energy decay, we calculate the minimum annual rate of RES deployment to compensate it in different scenarios. Our study shows that if we aim at keeping an increase of 3% of net energy per annum, an 8% annual rate of RES deployment is required. Such results point out the urgent necessity of a determined policy at different levels (regional, national and international) favoring the RT implementation in the next decades ; We acknowledge the support of MEDEAS project through the funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 691287 ; Peer Reviewed

12 pages, 9 figures ; Velocity probability density functions (PDFs) are a key tool to study complex flows and are of great importance to model particle dispersion. The PDFs of geostrophic velocities derived from sea level anomalies maps for the Mediterranean Sea have been computed and analyzed, guided by recent results found in studies of two-dimensional and geostrophic turbulence. At the basin scale results show that the geostrophic velocity PDF derived from SLA maps is non-Gaussian. To understand the origin of this non-Gaussianity, a topological partition of the flow based on the Okubo–Weiss parameter is applied to separate the contribution of coherent vortices from the background field. After such separation the non-Gaussian part of the PDF appears mostly associated with the presence of such structures. Only about 20% of the vortices identified in the dataset are mainly responsible for this deviation. These vortices, called intense vortices in previous works, are those vortices with values of the amplitude larger than or equal to two standard deviations of the Okubo–Weiss parameter and correspond to vortices with a radius on the order of 40 km ; This is a contribution to the IMAGEN project funded by the Spanish R D Plan (REN2001-0802-C02-02) and MERSEA project funded by the European Union (AIP3-CT-2003-502885). Altimetric maps for the period analyzed were elaborated upon and provided by CLS (Toulouse, France) under contract to the MATER project funded by the European Commission (MAS3-CT96-0051) ; Peer reviewed

13 pages, 6 figures, 3 tables, additional supporting information may be found in the online version of this article http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/2012PA002419/suppinfo ; Relaxation-type models have good skill at reproducing glacial-interglacial transitions in climatic variables. Here we propose a simple two-box and two-state relaxation-type model for the upper ocean (surface and permanent thermocline layers) where dissolved inorganic carbon/nutrients are supplied by the deep ocean and through remineralization within the upper ocean. The model is tuned using genetic algorithms to simulate the atmospheric CO2 time series for the last four glacial-interglacial cycles. The fit to the data is very good, with correlations above 0.8, as the upper ocean responds to shifts in (1) the intensity of the meridional overturning circulation, from off to on during the glacial-interglacial transition, and (2) the size and sign of net primary production, with respiration greatly exceeding primary production during interglacial periods and production larger than respiration during the glacial phase. The glacial-interglacial transitions are interpreted as shifts between two distinct metabolic states of the Earth system, with high/low supply of dissolved inorganic carbon and nutrients to the productive upper ocean during interglacial/glacial periods. Key Points The interglacial is dominated by enhanced remineralization and deep-ocean supply The glacial decrease arises from upper ocean net primary production The state transients follow patterns analogous to living beings ©2013. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved ; This work has been funded through projects MOC2 (CTM2008-06438-C02) and TIC-MOC (CTM2011-28867) of the R+D Spanish research program and through project Fisiocean (PIF08-006-1) of CSIC's frontier program. PDLF has been partly supported through a FI-AGAUR fellowship from the Catalan government ; Peer Reviewed

This paper reviews different approaches to modelling the energy transition towards a zero carbon economy. It identifies a number of limitations in current approaches such as a lack of consideration of out-of-equilibrium situations (like an energy transition) and non-linear feedbacks. To tackle those issues, the new open source integrated assessment model pymedeas is introduced, which allows the exploration of the design and planning of appropriate strategies and policies for decarbonizing the energy sector at World and EU level. The main novelty of the new open-source model is that it addresses the energy transition by considering biophysical limits, availability of raw materials, and climate change impacts. This paper showcases the model capabilities through several simulation experiments to explore alternative pathways for the renewable transition. In the selected scenarios of this work, future shortage of fossil fuels is found to be the most influential factor of the simulations system evolution. Changes in efficiency and climate change damages are also important determinants influencing model outcomes.

This paper reviews different approaches to modelling the energy transition towards a zero carbon economy. It identifies a number of limitations in current approaches such as a lack of consideration of out-of-equilibrium situations (like an energy transition) and non-linear feedbacks. To tackle those issues, the new open source integrated assessment model pymedeas is introduced, which allows the exploration of the design and planning of appropriate strategies and policies for decarbonizing the energy sector at World and EU level. The main novelty of the new open-source model is that it addresses the energy transition by considering biophysical limits, availability of raw materials, and climate change impacts. This paper showcases the model capabilities through several simulation experiments to explore alternative pathways for the renewable transition. In the selected scenarios of this work, future shortage of fossil fuels is found to be the most influential factor of the simulations system evolution. Changes in efficiency and climate change damages are also important determinants influencing model outcomes.