Suchergebnisse

El sistema jurídico español presenta importantes carencias en cuanto al desarrollo de una normativa específica que regule los supuestos en los que una persona física no pueda atender sus compromisos financieros (sobreendeudamiento). Las últimas reformas legislativas siguen sin desarrollar un procedimiento que genere satisfacción a todas las partes implicadas y, de manera especial, a los consumidores. Ante este problema (insuficiencia de una normativa específica), se ha considerado oportuno analizar en el presente trabajo el sistema jurídico en materia de sobreendeudamiento de consumidores en 24 ordenamientos jurídicos, que por su situación económica, social o cultural pueden guardar cierta relación con España y pueden servir de ayuda a la hora de proponer un cambio legislativo en el sistema español. Asimismo, en este trabajo se realizará un estudio relativo a las soluciones que los agentes sociales españoles han dado al problema del sobreendeudamiento de las familias, a través de un repaso de las resoluciones judiciales más controvertidas, las iniciativas legislativas aprobadas en esta materia desde 2008 y las actuaciones de asociaciones, colegios profesionales, etc., con el fin de evitar el drama social de los desahucios generalizados. A continuación, se desarrollarán las posibles opciones que un deudor español actualmente tiene ante el problema de sobreendeudamiento (dación en pago, Código de buenas prácticas bancarias, concurso, etc.). Por último, se propondrá un nuevo marco legislativo modificando las actuales ¿reglas de juego¿ que existen en el sistema de reclamaciones dinerarias español. Para ello, se propondrá un cambio radicalmente diferente, apostando por un sistema más rápido, ágil y oral como puede ser la conciliación previa, en la que deban intervenir diferentes agentes sociales y el Banco Central, otorgando un papel primordial al sistema de conciliación propuesto, hasta el punto que sus decisiones sean vinculantes para los intervinientes del mismo. Abstract The Spanish legal system has a lack of specific rules that regulate the scenario where an individual cannot meet his or her financial commitments (excess of debt). The most recent legislative amendments still do not develop a procedure that satisfies all parties involved and, specially, consumers. Given this problem (the lack of specific rules), it has been convenient to analyse in this thesis the legal system regarding consumers excess of debt in 24 legal systems, that provided their economic, social and cultural circumstances are comparable to Spain and that may help in order to recommend a change to the Spanish legal system. Likewise, a legal analysis on the solutions to the excess of household debt given by the Spanish social agents will be carried out in this thesis, through a review of the most controversial court decisions, the legal initiatives passed on this matter since 2008 and the conduct of organizations, bar associations, etc., in order to avoid the social drama caused by widespread evictions. Next, some options against the excess of debt that Spanish debtors currently have (accord and satisfaction, good practices code, bankruptcy process, etc.) will be developed. Finally, a new legislative framework will be proposed by changing the ¿game rules¿ in respect to the current monetary claiming system. To that end, a radically different change will be proposed, supporting a more quick, swift and hearing-based system such as previous conciliation where different social agents and the Central Bank will participate, where the proposed conciliatory system plays an important role to the extent that rulings are binding for the parties involved. ; Derecho

El desarrollo a escala municipal ha sido considerado como una cuestión vinculada a los recursos del lugar y a la dinámica socioeconómica general, limitándose la Administración local casi exclusivamente a facilitar el asentamiento de las iniciativas que se originaban, mediante la recalificación de los usos del suelo. Pero la constatación de la existencia de importantes diferencias en el reparto espacial de la renta, con su secuela de paro y emigración para los territorios marginados, ha llevado a los responsables públicos a revisar la posición de las corporaciones locales con respecto al desarrollo de sus demarcaciones y a ejercer un papel mucho más activo en la programación económica, aprovechando, además, los programas de ayuda al desarrollo de las áreas menos favorecidas existentes en la Unión Europea. En este contexto, el presente trabajo analiza el potencial de recursos endógenos de un pequeño municipio de La Palma para diseñar una estrategia de desarrollo turístico. ; In the past, the municipal development has been taken as a fact connected to local resources and also to socio-economic general dynamics, while the Local Administration focuses almost only on help settling the managing projects which had been showing up, by means of requalification of the land uses. But the verification of the existence of huge differences in the revenue land allotment, causing unemployment and emigration of the isolated territories, has made the municipal staff to check the objectives of local corporations related both to the development of their location limits and to play a much more active role in economic planning, making use, as well, of helping programs for disadvantaged zones in the European Union. In this context, this research analyzes the potential of endogenous resources of a small municipality of La Palma to design a strategy for tourist development.

ABSTRACTThe growing importance of corporate social responsibility (CSR) in today's competitive business climate is well known. CSR is particularly important for firms in sectors characterised by their close ties with their social and environmental context, especially multinational enterprises (MNEs) operating in resource‐rich developing countries and, more specifically, in the oil sector. Numerous question marks surround the extent to which oil MNEs really contribute, through CSR activities, to sustainable development in these countries. Based on a case study, this paper examines the adoption of an environmental management system (EMS) in Luanda Oil Refinery in Angola. The results illustrate the potential of CSR, when integrated into MNE business strategy, to improve the social and environmental situation of such countries, due not only to its impact on the company's immediate surroundings but on the wider legislative, administrative and entrepreneurial context also. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment

AbstractThis paper analyses a microcredit programme that was developed in a rural area of Venezuela, a standard‐bearer for left‐wing movements in Latin America, after significant initial support from the public sector disappeared. The findings indicate high levels of stability for the microfinance organisations: the number of shares, the volume of savings and the amount of the loans granted had all increased, with low levels of loan default. However, significant organisational deterioration and a reduction in the social and environmental impact in the community were also observed, aspects that point to a need to rethink institutional support in these areas. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Synthetic hormone-disrupting chemicals may play a role in the increased frequency of cryptorchidism observed in some studies. We used a spatial ecological design to search for variations in orchidopexy rates in the province of Granada in Spain and to search for relationships between these differences and geographical variations in exposure to pesticides. Orchidopexy rates were estimated for the period from 1980 to 1991 in all municipalities and health care districts served by the University of Granada Hospital. A random sample of males of the same age (1-16 years) admitted for any reason during the same period was used to estimate inpatient control rates. Each municipality was assigned to one of four levels of pesticide use. We used Poisson homogeneity tests to detect significant differences in rates of orchidopexy between districts and between levels of pesticide use. Poisson and logistic regression models were also used to estimate the strength of association between orchidopexy and level of pesticide use. Orchidopexy rates tended to be higher in districts near the Mediterranean coast where intensive farming is widespread. The city of Granada, where the reference hospital is located, also had higher figures both for orchidopexy and inpatient control rates. Regression models showed that the strength of association between orchidopexy and level of pesticide use tended to increase with higher levels of use, with the exception of level 0 (mainly in the city of Granada). Our results are compatible with a hypothetical association between exposure to hormone-disruptive chemicals and the induction of cryptorchidism. Several methodological limitations in the design make it necessary to evaluate the results with caution. ; This work was partially supported by the Health Council, Andalusian Regional Government through grant no. 94/556-140.

Este trabajo pretende ser una primera aproximación a la dimensión del despilfarro de recursos públicos en infraestructuras en España desde 1995 hasta la actualidad en los distintos niveles de gobierno. A partir de algunas precisiones sobre los conceptos de despilfarro y corrupción, se analiza, de una parte, la inversión y los sobrecostes en infraestructuras innecesarias impulsadas y ejecutadas por la Administración General del Estado en el ámbito de sus competencias, y de otra, infraestructuras, proyectos, eventos e inversiones fallidas, vacías o infrautilizadas acometidas por las Comunidades Autónomas y los gobiernos locales. Se abordan los déficit de marco institucional y de gobernanza territorial y se sugiere una posible agenda de reformas a partir de unas conclusiones generales. ; This work is a first approximation to the dimension of the waste of public resources in infrastructures in Spain from 1995 to the present in the different levels of government. It differentiates between waste and corruption. Waste as the investment and extra costs undertaken for unnecessary infrastructures is analysed. Both for central government and for regional and local governments in relation to their competences, and on the other hand, infrastructures, projects, failed and empty or underutilized investments and events undertaken by the Autonomous Communities and local governments. The limitations and misuse of the institutions and the territorial governance is signaled with some proposals for a reform agenda.