Suchergebnisse

This literature survey on political representation focuses on B. Manin's The Principles of Representative Government (Cambridge: Cambridge U Press, 1997), A. Przeworski's et al [Eds] Democracy, Accountability, and Representation (Cambridge: Cambridge U Press, 1999), & H. Pitkin's The Concept of Representation (Berkeley: U of California Press, 1967). Special attention is devoted to Manin's views on political representation expounded from the perspective of normative & empirical politology, the former adopted in his work & the latter adopted in Przeworski's et al. Parliamentarian, party, & populist democracies are differentiated to investigated the relationship between the governing & governed in each, realized through a gamut of possibilities ranging from the imperative mandate to complete freedom of the elected representative. Vallespin's (1998) (no initial) classification of political theory into: (1) historical-philosophical, (2) normative, & (3) empirical (proposing formal models to systematize empirical observations of political phenomena) is utilized to assess the politological contribution of proposals made by Manin, Pitkin, & others. Z. Dubiel

Additive Fertigung (AM) bietet aufgrund großer Designfreiheiten ein enormes Leichtbaupotenzial. Vom Rohmaterial bis zum fertigen Bauteil durchlaufen Zwischenprodukte meist mehrere Wertschöpfungsstufen und Unternehmen. Wissensverluste zwischen den Wertschöpfungsstufen müssen verhindert werden, um durchgängig eine genaue Kenntnis des Werkstoffs, des Bauteils und des Fertigungsprozesses zu erhalten. So lassen sich Design und Produktion in wirtschaftlicher sowie ökologischer Hinsicht optimieren.

Additive manufacturing (AM) offers enormous lightweight potential due to great design freedom. From the raw material to the finished component, the intermediate products usually pass through several companies. For lightweight design, knowledge losses in the value chain must be prevented in order to obtain the most accurate possible knowledge of the material, the component and the manufacturing process. In this way, design and production can be further optimized in economic and ecological terms.

Many firms may successfully navigate an organizational crisis, but may find themselves entangled in another soon after. Building on a resource-dependence perspective, this study evaluates how certain investor characteristics foster organizational resilience during a crisis by preventing a relapse following recovery. Drawing on data from 2014 to 2019, we analyzed 359 firms that faced a crisis in 2015, as indicated by their Altman Z-score values. Our findings reveal that diversity and patience of investors prevent firms from relapsing into upcoming crises; however, the probability of relapse increases when concentrated investors boost the firm's capital during the in-crisis period. We bridge the gap between the resource-dependence theory and literature on organizational resilience and contribute by extending previous analyses on the relevance of investors to recover from a crisis to identify how in-crisis investors' features also state the foundations to avoid future relapses. JEL CLASSIFICATION: D74; D81; G01; G32; P45

1. Organic pollution is widespread in coastal areas and can have profound impacts on the seabed. Coastal sediments play an important role at a global scale in the recycling of organic matter, and this process is influenced by the habitat complexity of the sediments, among other factors. Mollusc shells are produced as a waste product from a range of anthropogenic activities, but we demonstrate that they can be used to increase the habitat complexity of sediments. 2. We studied the effect of mussel-shell debris (shell-hash) on the biogeochemical processes of marine sediments affected by organic pollution, using a mesocosm experiment simulating the bioturbation effects of macrofauna. 3. We found that shell-hash improved the ecological status of organically polluted sediments by reducing the accumulation of sulphide from anaerobic metabolic pathways. 4. Additionally, when shell-hash was present in an organically polluted sediment, there was a decrease in ammonium release to the water column, thus preventing the negative ecological consequences of eutrophication. 5. Synthesis and applications. Our study indicates that shell-hash debris can be used as a potential tool to mitigate the effects of organic enrichment on marine sediments. A density of shell-hash debris of 1900 g m-2 in the sediment can diminish toxic by-products (sulphides and ammonium) derived from the stimulation of anaerobic metabolic pathways by organic pollution, at levels that are biologically relevant. The mitigation effect of shell-hash is more pronounced in sediments where macrofauna is not present. ; This work has been funded by the projects: GRE14-19 from the University of Alicante, GV/2015/001 from the 'Conselleria de Educación, Cultura y Deporte' of the government of the Valencia region and CGL2015-70136-R from the Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (MINECO/FEDER) of Spain. CS was funded by the contract 'Juan de la Cierva' (ref. JCI-2012-12413) from MINECO.

This project has been developed within the frame of the Nordic Action Plan 2000-2004 (Nord 1999:29) to review the status and threats of the natural and cultural heritage in Arctic waters. Two of the most commonly used demersal fishing gears in the Arctic are the otter trawl and the scallop dredge. Detrimental effects of bottom gear towed over the seabed include incidental catch and direct mortality of a wide range of organisms and habitat alteration. Any three-dimensional fragile structures rising above the seabed, such as cold-water corals, sponges, geological formations and archaeological remains are easily destroyed. This report reviews the scallop and shrimp fisheries, the distribution and conservation of vulnerable habitats (coral reefs, sponge communities), the status of archaeological remains on the seabed and relevant legislation and the conservation measures and role of protected areas. In addition there are two case studies based on fisheries and survey data from Iceland and recommendations to improve the current situation.