Suchergebnisse

[EN] Huanglongbing (HLB) is the most destructive, yet incurable disease of citrus. Finding sources of genetic resistance to HLB-associated 'Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus' (Las) becomes strategic to warrant crop sustainability, but no resistant Citrus genotypes exist. Some Citrus relatives of the family Rutaceae, subfamily Aurantioideae, were described as full-resistant to Las, but they are phylogenetically far, thus incompatible with Citrus. Partial resistance was indicated for certain cross-compatible types. Moreover, other genotypes from subtribe Citrinae, sexually incompatible but graft-compatible with Citrus, may provide new rootstocks able to restrict bacterial titer in the canopy. Use of seedlings from monoembryonic species and inconsistencies in previous reports likely due to Las recalcitrance encouraged us to evaluate more accurately these Citrus relatives. We tested for Las resistance a diverse collection of graft-compatible Citrinae species using an aggressive and consistent challenge-inoculation and evaluation procedure. Most Citrinae species examined were either susceptible or partially resistant to Las. However, Eremocitrus glauca and Papua/New Guinea Microcitrus species as well as their hybrids and those with Citrus arose here for the first time as full-resistant, opening the way for using these underutilized genotypes as Las resistance sources in breeding programs or attempting using them directly as possible new Las-resistant Citrus rootstocks or interstocks. ; This work was funded by Fundecitrus, grant no. 817526 from the European Union H2020 Innovation Action Program and project PID2019-104569RB-I00 from the AEI-Spain. ; Alves, MN.; Lopes, SA.; Raiol-Junior, LL.; Wulff, NA.; Girardi, EA.; Ollitrault, P.; Peña Garcia, L. (2021). Resistance to 'Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus,' the Huanglongbing Associated Bacterium, in Sexually and/or Graft-Compatible Citrus Relatives. Frontiers in Plant Science. 11:1-16. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2020.617664 ; S ; 1 ; 16 ; 11 ; Albrecht, U., & ...

Objective: The aim of this study was to estimate 5-year survival and the burden of cancer in a medium-sized city in Southern Brazil. Methods: A cohort study was performed using governmental data of incidence and mortality from cancer at Florianopolis/SC, Southern Brazil. Survival rates were performed using Kaplan Meier methods and log-rank test to compare curves. Disability-adjusted life years (DALY), years lived with disability (YLD) and years of life lost (YLL) and age-standardized rates of each indicator were estimated. Results: Thyroid, prostate and melanoma of skin had higher survival rates. Cancers presenting the highest burden, in decreasing order, were thyroid, prostate, breast, trachea, bronchus and lung, followed by colon and rectum. Conclusion: The estimates in local level could be help the health services to improve their quality. Highest burden was related to thyroid, prostate and breast due to the highest survival rates. Other cancer as trachea, bronchus and lung, and colon and rectum had high burden due to mortality. ; Objetivo: Estimar a sobrevida em cinco anos e a carga de câncer em uma cidade de médio porte no sul do Brasil. Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo de coorte utilizando datos de gobierno de incidência e mortalidade por cáncer en Florianópolis/SC, Sul do Brasil. As taxas de sobrevivência forram used using os métodos Kaplan Meier e teste de log-rank para comparar as curvas. Anos de vida ajustados por incapacidade (DALY), anos vividos com incapacidade (YLD) e anos de vida perdidos (YLL) e taxas padronizadas por idade de cada indicador foram estimadas. Resultados: Tireoide, próstata e melanoma da pele tiveram maiores taxas de sobrevivência. Os cânceres que apresentaram maior carga, em ordem decrescente, foram tireoide, próstata, mama, traqueia, brônquios e pulmão, seguidos por cólon e reto. Conclusión: Como estimativas em nível local podem ajudar os serviços de saúde a melhorar sua qualidade. A maior carga foi relacionada à tireoide, próstata e mama devido às maiores taxas de sobrevivência. Outros tipos de câncer, como traqueia, brônquios e pulmões, e cólon e reto, apresentaram alta carga devido à mortalidade. ; Objetivo: Estimar a sobrevida em cinco anos e a carga de câncer em uma cidade de médio porte no sul do Brasil. Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo de coorte utilizando dados governamentais de incidência e mortalidade por câncer em Florianópolis/SC, Sul do Brasil. As taxas de sobrevivência foram realizadas usando os métodos Kaplan Meier e teste de log-rank para comparar as curvas. Anos de vida ajustados por incapacidade (DALY), anos vividos com incapacidade (YLD) e anos de vida perdidos (YLL) e taxas padronizadas por idade de cada indicador foram estimadas. Resultados: Tireoide, próstata e melanoma da pele tiveram maiores taxas de sobrevivência. Os cânceres que apresentaram maior carga, em ordem decrescente, foram tireoide, próstata, mama, traqueia, brônquios e pulmão, seguidos por cólon e reto. Conclusão: As estimativas em nível local podem ajudar os serviços de saúde a melhorar sua qualidade. A maior carga foi relacionada à tireoide, próstata e mama devido às maiores taxas de sobrevivência. Outros tipos de câncer, como traqueia, brônquios e pulmões, e cólon e reto, apresentaram alta carga devido à mortalidade.

O estudo com plantas medicinais tem impulsionado a busca por novas substâncias com capacidade antibacteriana, principalmente em decorrência do grande número de cepas resistentes a diversos antibióticos. O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar a atividade antibacteriana e modulatória do extrato etanólico da folha e da casca de Cedrela fissilis Vell. frente as cepas bacterianas padrões e multirresistentes de Staphylococcus aureus 358 e Escherichia coli 27. Trata-se de um estudo experimental de caráter quantitativo tendo como material para análise as folhas e cascas de C. Fissilis, onde a partir do extrato etanólico de ambos os materiais foram analisados o perfil químico a fim de detectar metabólitos secundários presente nos mesmos, além disso, foi avaliada a Concentração Inibitória Mínima (CIM) por meio dos testes de microdiluição em caldo e analise da modulação de aminoglicosídeos (amicacina e gentamicina). Os resultados obtidos demonstraram uma CIM de ≥ 1024 µg/mL para ambos os extratos em todas as cepas testadas (E. coli e S. aureus). Os extratos apresentaram resultados significativos na atividade combinada, evidenciando que houve sinergismo entre o extrato da casca e das folhas, frente às cepas de E. coli 27, em associação com a gentamicina, reduzindo a CIM de 128 para 4 µg/mL e de 128 para 8 µg/mL, respectivamente. Já sobre as cepas de S. aureus o sinergismo ocorre, novamente com os dois extratos, quando associado com a amicacina, tendo uma redução de sua CIM de 256 para 5 µg/mL (Casca) e 256 para 10 µg/mL (Folhas). Portanto, estudos futuros precisam ser realizados com intuito de elucidar os constituintes majoritários da planta para melhor entender a atividade da mesma.

Palavras-chave: Cedrela fissilis Vell. Microdiluição. Modulação. Perfil Químico. Plantas Medicinais.

Abstract
The study of medicinal plants has boosted the search for new substances with antibacterial capacity, mainly due to the large number of strains resistant to various antibiotics. The objective of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial and modulatory activity of the ethanolic extract of Cedrela fissilis Vell. leaf and bark against standard and multidrug-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus 358 and Escherichia coli 27. This is an experimental study of quantitative character having as material for analysis the leaves and barks of C. fissilis, where from the ethanolic extract of both materials the chemical profile was analyzed in order to detect secondary metabolites present in them, besides, it was evaluated the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) through the microdilution test in broth and analysis of the modulation of aminoglycosides (amikacin and gentamicin). The results obtained demonstrated an MIC of ≥ 1024 µg/mL for both extracts in all tested strains (E. coli and S. aureus). The extracts presented significant results in the combined activity, evidencing that there was synergism between the bark and leaf extracts, against E. coli 27 strains, in association with gentamicin, reducing the MIC from 128 to 4 µg/mL and from 128 to 8 µg/mL, respectively. On the other hand, on the S. aureus strains, the synergism occurs, again with both extracts, when associated with amikacin, having a reduction of its MIC from 256 to 5 µg/mL (Bark) and 256 to 10 µg/mL (Leaves). Therefore, future studies need to be carried out in order to elucidate the majority constituents of the plant to better understand its activity.

Keywords: Cedrela fissilis Vell. Microdilution. Modulation. Chemical Profile. Medicinal Plants.

Leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) is associated with access and use of public open spaces. The President João Goulart Elevated Avenue, currently denominated Minhocão, is a facility for leisure activities that is open for people during the night and weekends. The aim of this study was to examine if the prevalence of LTPA among individuals living in the surroundings of Minhocão is different according to proximity to, and use of, the facility. We conducted a cross-sectional study with cluster sampling with people aged 18 years or more who lived in households up to 500 m, and between 501 m and 1500 m of Minhocão. The survey was conducted between December 2017 and March 2019 using an electronic questionnaire. We conducted a bivariate analysis and Poisson regression to examine possible differences in LTPA according to the proximity of residences and use of Minhocão. The analysis used post-stratification weights. A total of 12,030 telephone numbers of people were drawn (up to 500 m = 6942; and >500 m to up to 1500 m = 5088). The final sample included 235 residents who returned the questionnaires. There was a higher prevalence of individuals engaging in at least 150 min per week of LTPA among users than non-users (Prevalence Ratio = 2.19, IC95% 1.66 to 2.90), independently of sex, age, education, the distance of houses to nearest accesses and number of barriers. The main five barriers related to the usage of the Minhocão were safety issues in and around the Minhocão, rainy weather, lack of vegetation, and lack of facilities. People who used the park had higher prevalence of all types of LTPA than non-users. The results can serve to inform government decision-making on the future of Minhocão.

Funder: Public Health Agency of Canada ; Funder: Government of Norway ; BACKGROUND: In July, 2019, the World Health Organization (WHO) commenced work to update the 2010 Global Recommendations on Physical Activity for Health and established a Guideline Development Group (GDG) comprising expert public health scientists and practitioners to inform the drafting of the 2020 Guidelines on Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior. The overall task of the GDG was to review the scientific evidence and provide expert advice to the WHO on the amount of physical activity and sedentary behavior associated with optimal health in children and adolescents, adults, older adults (> 64 years), and also specifically in pregnant and postpartum women and people living with chronic conditions or disabilities. METHODS: The GDG reviewed the available evidence specific to each sub-population using systematic protocols and in doing so, identified a number of gaps in the existing literature. These proposed research gaps were discussed and verified by expert consensus among the entire GDG. RESULTS: Evidence gaps across population sub-groups included a lack of information on: 1) the precise shape of the dose-response curve between physical activity and/or sedentary behavior and several of the health outcomes studied; 2) the health benefits of light-intensity physical activity and of breaking up sedentary time with light-intensity activity; 3) differences in the health effects of different types and domains of physical activity (leisure-time; occupational; transportation; household; education) and of sedentary behavior (occupational; screen time; television viewing); and 4) the joint association between physical activity and sedentary time with health outcomes across the life course. In addition, we acknowledge the need to conduct more population-based studies in low- and middle-income countries and in people living with disabilities and/or chronic disease, and to identify how various sociodemographic factors (age, sex, race/ethnicity, socioeconomic status) modify the health effects of physical activity, in order to address global health disparities. CONCLUSIONS: Although the 2020 WHO Guidelines for Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior were informed by the most up-to-date research on the health effects of physical activity and sedentary time, there is still substantial work to be done in advancing the global physical activity agenda.