Suchergebnisse

Abstract
Regulatory processes can directly impair or enhance telecommunications innovation, according to Dr. Garcia-Murillo. Using the telecommunications sector in Argentina as a case study, and based on extensive interviews and analysis, her paper demonstrates the relationship between regulation, resources, and innovation. Regulatory independence, transparency, and accountability enhance innovation, but investment in telecommunications innovation also requires timely and predictable policy decisions, and Dr. Garcia-Murillo concludes that these must be fairly enforced.

Abstract
Regulatory processes can directly impair or enhance telecommunications innovation, according to Dr. Garcia-Murillo. Using the telecommunications sector in Argentina as a case study, and based on extensive interviews and analysis, her paper demonstrates the relationship between regulation, resources, and innovation. Regulatory independence, transparency, and accountability enhance innovation, but investment in telecommunications innovation also requires timely and predictable policy decisions, and Dr. Garcia-Murillo concludes that these must be fairly enforced.

The rapid adoption of mobile phones, particularly in developing countries, has led a number of researchers to investigate their impact on socioeconomic activity in the developing world. However, until the recent advent of smart communication devices, mobile phones were primarily a relations management technology that enabled people to stay connected with each other. In this article, we focus on this basic function and analyze how people use this technology as a tool to expand their social capital. We use a dataset containing more than three billion call detail records from Rwanda's largest telecommunication operator, covering the whole country during the period from 1 July 2014 to 31 March 2015, and combine these records with data from the fourth Integrated Household Living Conditions Survey conducted by the National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda in 2015. We found that people's calling patterns significantly correlated with the income level of their region, which also dictated the destinations of their calls, with middle-income regions acting as a link between the richest and the poorest regions. From these results, we propose a framework for understanding the role of mobile phones in the development of social capital.

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is likely to have a significant impact on work. Examples from the past demonstrate that it has created jobs but also displaced workers. The primary question this study aims to answer is what have been the effects that previous revolutionary computing technologies have had and how have institutional values shaped the way workers were affected. The paper involves a historical analysis of the experiences that society in the United States has had with technological innovation. The research relies on academic, government, and trade publications of earlier periods in the development of computer technology. In this effort, we examine the literature on institutional economics to help us understand the way society has transitioned and the forces that have shaped the outcomes. Institutional economics has two main branches that explain change: the ceremonial and the instrumental. The ceremonial values perspective focuses on the customs and conventions that prevail in a community. The instrumental perspective focuses on a society's processes of inquiry, acquisition of knowledge, and use of scientific inquiry to solve problems Our analysis suggests that in all of these periods initial implementations suffered from installation problems, system bugs, and troubleshooting frustrations that generated employment; however, as the technology improves, it is likely to enhance productivity, but displace, workers. Up to this point, the U.S. government has not been able to respond adequately to the challenge. We attribute this to the ceremonial values that public officials and society entertain about personal responsibility and small government.

In this article, we argue in favor of a macro-societal approach to protect people from the potential harms of personal information online. In the tension between information and privacy, "the right to be forgotten" is not an appropriate solution. Such a micro, individual-based answer puts the burden of protection on each person instead of on external entities that can abuse such knowledge. The personal responsibility to delete personal data is challenging because of the leakage of data that happens through the connections we have with others, many of whom do not share the same privacy preferences. We show that effective deletion is almost impossible (the eternity effect), and is unfair due to the resource burden it entails when users try to achieve it, while at the same time ensuring the potential benefits we can derive in the future from having personal information online. In addition, deletion requests can negatively affect other people who are in the same location and time frame and may not want to have their infor-mation deleted. Collectively, we argue also that society is worse off because these circumstances lead people to construct sanitized personas while perpetuating a culture of distrust. Given that the harm is real, we describe technology, societal norms, and the implementation of an anti-discrimination directive for the right to a personal life, and we provide evidence on how anti-discrimination efforts in the past have succeeded when legislation leads to the development of infrastructures that help to enforce them. The dissemination of personal information through public sites and social media is, as Mozart suggested in Cosi fan tutte, gradually educating humanity about human weaknesses.

In W.A. Mozart's opera Così Fan Tutte the protagonists are put through a social experiment to move from a state of innocence to one of experience. The goal is to understand that the idealized characterization of a perfect mate is unrealistic. We must accept the weaknesses of others as well as the setbacks that occur in the real world even though the lessons can be bitter. In this article we use secondary research and logical argumentation to show that the dissemination of personal information through public and private databases as well as social media is gradually educating humanity of the enlightened lessons that Mozart and his librettist Lorenzo da Ponte identified: humans are weak; everyone misbehaves; and we should accept public knowledge of the imperfections of ourselves and others. In the presence of so much information about people, how can society best protect us from potential harm? As we learn more about others through self-disclosed or other means we are noticing that while some people make egregious mistakes, most of us are moving toward a more realistic expectation of human behavior. We thus argue that the European Union directive on 'the right to be forgotten' is misguided and unrealistic and suggest instead a series of principles that can protect us from the potentially harmful publication of private information.