Suchergebnisse

The results of an empirical investigation into how visually-impaired people sense their surroundings show that a range of environmental features can be identified using sound, touch and smell. The information gained is relevant to the design of tactile maps, to ensure that an area is represented in a way that is meaningful to the map users.

Intro -- Contents -- Foreword -- Introduction -- Executive Summary -- Problem and research objectives -- The characteristics and promise of PPPs -- Applicability and examples -- Framework conditions -- Recommendations -- 1. Public-Private Partnerships for Climate Finance -- 1.1 Climate finance -- 1.2 Public-private partnerships -- 1.2.1 Formal definition and broader applicability -- 1.2.2 Fields of application -- 2. Framework conditions -- 2.1 Drivers -- 2.1.1 "Value-for-money" -- 2.1.2 Efficiency in implementation and service delivery -- 2.1.3 Financial leverage -- 2.2 Enabling Environment -- 2.3 Risks and barriers -- 2.4 Success factors -- 2.5 Paris and beyond: Prospects for the future? -- 3. Case studies and stakeholder dialogue -- 3.1 Case studies -- 3.1.1 Green for Growth Fund (GGF) -- 3.1.2 Community Development Carbon Fund (CDCF) -- 3.1.3 GET FiT Program in Uganda -- 3.1.4 The Stormwater Management Road and Tunnel -- 3.1.5 The Maroccan Ouarzazate Project -- 3.2 Insights from stakeholders -- 4. Discussion and key learnings -- 4.1 Lessons Learned -- 4.1.1 Stable regulatory environments are needed to attract substantial private investments -- 4.1.2 Provision of tailored technical assistance, capacity-building and awareness-raising can accelerate and ease private sector engagement -- 4.1.3 Involvement of civil society or community groups enhances the efficacy of PPPs on the ground -- Enabling risk allocation to the most suitable party is critical -- Strong political commitment and analysis of PPP models and market viability is required -- Effectively tackling climate related externalities is needed to ensure the allocation of funds to low carbon projects -- 4.2 Recommendations to negotiators -- 4.2.1 Recommendations -- 5. Works Cited -- Sammenfatning -- Problem- og undersøgelsesmålsætning -- OPP karakteristika og potentiale.

Intro -- Foreword -- 2. Developments in non-state climate action -- 2. The Climate Initiative Platform and the LPAA -- 3. Findings and outlook from the Update for Paris -- 4. Transfer of the platform to UNEP - Overall vision -- Annex 1. Putting the vision into operation -- Annex 2. Expert Advisory Group -- Annex 3. Transfer of the platform to UNEP and maintenance -- Annex 4. Data for assessment.

The Paris Agreement is widely considered to be of historic significance sending a strong signal to non-state actors that countries stand behind curbing greenhouse gas emissions with the objective to keep temperature rise well below 2°C, with efforts to stay below 1.5°C. Still the Intended Nationally Determined Contributions by national governments will likely limit temperature rise to under 3°C but be insufficient to limit it to 2°C or lower. The multitude of international cooperative initiatives (ICIs) underway outside the formal negotiating process will be needed to support these government actions. In response to the growing interest in the potential for ICIs the Climate Initiative Platform was developed. This report highlights the information currently present in the platform as well as the changes and outlook for this comprehensive data on cooperative initiatives post-2015.

It is widely acknowledged that the greenhouse gas emissions reduction pledges made by national governments are insufficient to achieve what is required by science to avoid dangerous levels of global warming. In parallel to the formal climate negotiations, a multitude of international cooperative initiatives (ICIs) are now engaging in efforts to address the growing emissions gap. A database and web platform have been developed that presents the most current and comprehensive publically available collection of information on ICIs in operation. The web platform includes details of more than 180 mitigation-focused initiatives that have the potential for impact at the global scale. The project also makes recommendations for continuing support for the database and additional activities to support an increasing use of the database to inform negotiators and other stakeholders.